Abercrombie and Fitch – Essay

. Abercrombie and Fitch Researched: a. Brands & Corporate Image Abercrombie & Fitch – Rooted in East Coast traditions and Ivy League heritage, Abercrombie & Fitch is the essence of privilege and casual luxury. The Adirondacks supply a clean and rugged inspiration to this youthful All-American lifestyle. A combination of classic and sexy creates a charged atmosphere that is confident and just a bit provocative. Idolized and respected, Abercrombie & Fitch is timeless and always cool. Hollister – Hollister is the fantasy of Southern California. It is the feeling of chilling on the beach with your friends.Young, spirited, and with a sense of humor, Hollister never takes itself too seriously. The laidback lifestyle and wholesome image combine to give Hollister an energy that’s effortlessly cool. Hollister brings Southern California to the world. Gilly Hicks. Gilly Hicks is the cheeky cousin of Abercrombie & Fitch. Inspired by the free spirit of Sydney, Australia, Gill y Hicks makes cute Push ‘Em Up bras and Down Undies for the young, naturally beautiful and always confident girl; flirty and carefree, with a little tomboy sexiness. Gilly Hicks is the All-American brand with a Sydney sensibility. a.Sales On the next page is a Chart that has sates Abercrombie and Fitch sales for fiscal years 2007-2011: Abercrombie and Fitch has stated the objective of increasing their operating margin back to historical levels of around 15% by Fiscal 2012. They created a roadmap that outlines the factors they need to be aware of in order to achieve this goal. 1. )Originally intended to increase gross margin to 67% by 2012; due to sourcing costs they no longer believe this to be possible. By increasing the ticket price on items and hoping that international growth continues, they hope to offset the costs.Though they worry that the increase in price may affect sales, they do not intend to sacrifice quality to achieve their gross margin goal. 2. )Improve average domestic store quality by increasing store sales growth and closing underperforming stores. They expect at least 7% increase in sales store growth for 2011 and 2012. They expect to close 50 stores at the end of 2011. 3. )Achieve significantly profitable international growth by opening up to 40 international mall-based Hollister stores, including the first stores in mainland China & Hong Kong. 4. Sustain strong growth rates in direct-to-consumer business from multiple investments they are making in the business and from their growing international presence. 5. ) Improve the productivity of the Gilly Hicks brand by expanding the store count for the brand and having a path to profitability. 6. )Maintain tight control over expenses and seeking greater efficiencies, an example of which is their plan to consolidate is expected to be completed by mid-2012 and is expected to facilitate the sale of the second distribution center and result in reduced operational costs. . )During Fiscal 2011, based on new store opening plans and other capital expenditures, Abercrombie expects total capital expenditures to be approximately $300 million to $350 million, with the upper end of the range being subject to Abercrombie achieving the higher end of its range of potential new store openings. b. Product Mix: Abercrombie and Fitch has a wide variety of products in all of their stores. Some of the items are: apparel, outerwear, fragrance, jewelry, swimwear, and lingerie (A&F and Gilly Hicks).They specialize in product categories such as, knit and woven shirts, graphic t-shirts, fleece, jeans and woven pants. The pricing strategy that Abercrombie and Fitch has a rather simple pricing strategy in comparison to many other specialty retailers. By staying ahead of the curve with fashion trends, Abercrombie has granted themselves the ability to price their products at a premium without a drop in demand from consumers. Their goal is to inspire consumers to strive for the Abercrombie & Fitch â€Å"lifestyle. Sales Associates are cast as Models to Illustrate the execution of the Abercrombie Lifestyle in stores. There is not a strong focus on selling/service model in stores. They focus more on visual merchandising and associate appearance than in selling structure, and behaviors. c. Target Market: The Target market for Abercrombie and Fitch is 18-22 year old high school/college students. Thy typically have an active lifestyle that involves locations such as the beach, woods, or mountains. Tbe customer usually has a medium to high income.Gilly Hicks is only for women. Hollister Co. is a chain targeted at boys and girls in high school, based in California. Abercrombie Kids is targeted to boys and girls ages 7-14. The Psychographic Segmentation is a very important part of Abercrombie and Fitch’s marketing as well. The â€Å"feel† of the store is something that Abercrombie and Fitch focuses on. It is a fun-loving, care free, sexy, and independent. d. Opportuni ties and Risks Like every other corporation and company, Abercrombie and Fitch has it’s opportunities and its risks.One opportunity would be market share leadership, expanding international presence. Also, new store openings would enhance top-line. Lastly, online retail sales have taken off. Social media is also growing and the growth is an opportunity for Abercrombie and Fitch to be more involved in it. A big risk that Abercrombie and Fitch faces and almost all retail companies is economic recession would decrease sales. Also, dependence on third party manufacturers is a big risk. The price of raw materials and commodity prices rising is also a big risk. . Past Campaigns Abercrombie and Fitch’s clothing is racy and casual at the same time, leaving many wondering what exactly phrases, such as â€Å"Flirt like crazy, Wake up sandy†, on many of their simple cotton t-shirts are insinuating. Abercrombie’s marketing campaign rivals, if no surpasses, the sexine ss of its clothing line by using photos of barely-clothed young men and women to sell its merchandise. Their advertising becomes sexier with every year, as more and more models in their advertisements wear less clothing.Every quarter, Abercrombie puts out for sale a magazine called the A&F Quarterly, which has over the years become so scandalous that it is now necessary to be 18 years of age in order to purchase . With many pictures of topless girls and young men, it is considered by many to qualify as soft pornography. Employees of Abercrombie are also used as part of their selling strategy. On the sales floor, employees must be wearing an outfit comprised of current Abercrombie and Fitch stock, and it’s not a coincidence that all employees are thin and naturally good-looking.Despite having what many people might call an offensive marketing and advertising campaign, every weekend, Abercrombie and Fitch stores are filled with kids and young adults waiting for dressing rooms a nd checkout services in obscenely long lines to purchase even more of their clothing. Long lines and over-crowded stores are a small price to pay for many kids trying to look â€Å"cool† by what they see in Abercrombie and Fitch stores and its advertising. C. Proposals for Advertising campaign 2012

Case Study on Pepsi

IntroductionThis project aim is to analyze the diversification strategy of PepsiCo in 2008. PepsiCo is the largest food and beverage business in the world. The benefits of PepsiCo’s diversification strategies are identified. The business strategy is analyzed to determine its efficacy across PepsiCo’s consumer business segments and product portfolio. The value chain match ups are determined and analyzed to ascertain their relevance to the success of PepsiCo’s strategy. The competitive strengths of PepsiCo’s three structural divisions and six reporting segments are assessed and related to relevant theories and strategy tools.Summary of the casePepsiCo is an American multinational corporation headquartered in Purchase, New York, United States, with interests in the manufacturing, marketing and distribution of grain-based snack foods, beverages, and other products. PepsiCo is a world leader in convenient foods and beverages, with revenues of about $39.5 billio n and over 142,000 employees.The company’s portfolio of businesses in 2008 included Frito-Lay salty snacks, Quaker chewy granola bars, Pepsi soft drink products, Tropicana orange juice, Lipton Brisk tea, Gatorade, Propel, SoBe, Quaker Oatmeal, Cap’n Crunch, Aquatint, Rice-A-Roni, Aunt Jemima pan cake mix, and many other regularly consumed products. The company consists of the snack business of Frito-Lay North America and the beverage and food businesses of PepsiCo Beverages and Foods, which includes PepsiCo Beverages North America (Pepsi-Cola North America and Gatorade/Tropicana North America) and Quaker Foods North America. PepsiCo International includes the snack businesses of Frito-Lay International and beverage businesses of PepsiCo Beverages International. PepsiCo brands are available in nearly 200 countries and territories.Many of PepsiCo's brand names are over 100-years-old, but the corporation is relatively young. PepsiCo was established in 1965 through the mer ger of Pepsi-Cola and Frito-Lay. Tropicana was acquired in 1998 and PepsiCo merged with The Quaker Oats Company, including Gatorade, in 2001. PepsiCo’s success is the result of superior products, high standards of performance,  distinctive competitive strategies and the high integrity of our people.VisionThe vision of PepsiCo is to be a responsible company that supports continuous improvement of all areas across the globe in which they operate. These areas include the environment, social, and economic conditions creating a better future then the present.MissionPepsiCo’s mission is to be the world's premier consumer Products Company focused on convenient foods and beverages. They seek to produce healthy financial rewards to investors as they provide opportunities for growth and enrichment to their employees, their business partners and the communities in which they operate. And in everything they do, they strive for honesty, fairness and integrity.SWOT AnalysisStrengt hsBranding – One of PepsiCo’s top brands is of course Pepsi, one of the most recognized brands of the world, ranked according to Interbrand. As of 2008 it ranked 26th amongst top 100 global brands.Pepsi generates more than $15,000 million of annual sales. Pepsi is joined in broad recognition by such PepsiCo brands as Diet Pepsi, Gatorade Mountain Dew, Thirst Quencher, Lay’s Potato Chips, Lipton Teas (PepsiCo/Unilever Partnership), Tropicana Beverages, Fritos Corn, Tostitos Tortilla Chips, Doritos Tortilla Chips, Aquafina Bottled Water, Cheetos Cheese Flavored Snacks, Quaker Foods and Snacks, Ruffles Potato Chips, Mirinda, Tostitos Tortilla Chips, and Sierra Mist.The strength of these brands is evident in PepsiCo’s presence in over 200 countries. The company has the largest market share in the US beverage at 39%, and snack food market at 25%. Such brand dominance insures loyalty and repetitive sales which contributes to over $15 million in annual sales for the company.Finance -As one of the leading beverage and food distributors and producers in the world,PepsiCo obviously has very strong financial backing and has been performing especially well. Their basic financial statement is very promising with revenues above Coca-Cola and the highest PepsiCo has ever seen, as well as low debt and liabilities.20 PepsiCo has shown and average of six percent growth since the year 2000 and has accomplished many growth goals by acquired and manufacturing a wide range of products.The pure size of PepsiCo is a competitive advantage because they produce so many commonly used products throughout the world and are minimally leveraged by market ups and downs.Illustrating this point is their increasing ROE, ROA, and ROI ratios that have experienced great increases over the past several years where soda sales have declined Diversification – PepsiCo’s diversification is obvious in that the fact that each of its top 18 brands generates annual s ales of over $1,000 million. PepsiCo’s arsenal also includes ready-to-drink teas, juice drinks, bottled water, as well as breakfast cereals, cakes and cake mixes.This broad product base plus a multi-channel distribution system serve to help insulate PepsiCo from shifting business climates.Distribution – The company delivers its products directly from manufacturing plants and warehouses to customer warehouses and retail stores. This is part of a three pronged approach which also includes employees making direct store deliveries of snacks and beverages and the use of third party distribution services.WeaknessesOverdependence on Wal-Mart – Sales to Wal-Mart represent approximately 12% of PepsiCo’s total net revenue. Wal-Mart is PepsiCo’s largest customer. As a result PepsiCo’s fortunes are influenced by the business strategy of Wal-Mart specifically its emphasis on private-label sales which produce a higher profit margin than national brands. W al-Mart’s low price themes put pressure on PepsiCo to hold down prices.Overdependence on US Markets – Despite its international presence, 52% of its revenues originate in the US. This concentration does leave PepsiCo somewhat vulnerable to the impact of changing economic conditions, and labor strikes. Large US customers could exploit PepsiCo’s lack of bargaining power and negatively impact its revenues.Low Productivity – In 2008 PepsiCo had approximately 198,000 employees. Its revenue per employee was $219,439, which was lower than its competitors. This may indicate comparatively low productivity on the part of PepsiCo employees.Image Damage Due to Product Recall – Recently (2008) salmonella contamination forced PepsiCo to pull Aunt Jemima pancake and waffle mix from retail shelves. This followed incidents of exploding Diet Pepsi cans in 2007. Such occurrences damage company image and reduce consumer confidence in PepsiCo products. OpportunitiesBro adening of Product Base – PepsiCo is seeking to address one of its potential weaknesses; dependency on US markets by acquiring Russia’s leading Juice Company, Lebedyansky, and V Wwater in the United Kingdom. It continues to broaden its product base by introducing TrueNorth Nut Snacks and increasing its Lipton Tea venture with Unilever. These recent initiatives will enable PepsiCo to adjust to the changing lifestyles of its consumers.International Expansion – PepsiCo is in the midst of making a $1, 000 million investment in China, and a $500 million investment in India. Both initiatives are part of its expansion into international markets and a lessening of its dependence on US sales. In addition the company plans on major capital initiatives in Brazil and Mexico.Growing Savory Snack and Bottled Water market in US – PepsiCo is positioned well to capitalize on the growing bottle water market which is projected to be worth over $24 million by 2012. Products such as Aquafina, and Propel are well established products and in a position to ride the upward crest. PepsiCo products such as, Doritos tortilla chips, Cheetos cheese flavored snacks, Tostitos tortilla chips, Fritos corn chips, Ruffles potato chips, Sun Chips multigrain snacks, Rold Gold pretzels, Santitas are also benefiting from a growing savory snack market which is projected to grow as much as 27% by 2013, representing an increase of $28 million.ThreatsDecline in Carbonated Drink Sales – Soft drink sales are projected to decline by as much as 2.7% by 2012, down $ 63,459 million in value. PepsiCo is in the process of diversification, but is likely to feel the impact of the projected decline.Potential Negative Impact of Government Regulations – It is anticipated that government initiatives related to environmental, health and safety may have the potential to negatively impact PepsiCo. For example, manufacturing, marketing, and distribution of food products may be al tered as a result of state, federal or local dictates. Preliminary studies on acrylamide seem to suggest that it may cause cancer in laboratory animals when consumed in significant amounts. If the company has to comply with a related regulation and add warning labels or place warnings in certain locations where its products are sold, a negative impact may result for PepsiCo.Intense Competition – The Coca-Cola Company is PepsiCo’s primary competitors. But others include Nestlà ©, Groupe Danone and Kraft Foods. Intense competition may influence pricing, advertising, sales promotion initiatives undertaken by PepsiCo. Resently Coca-Cola passed PepsiCo in Juice sales.Potential Disruption Due to Labor Unrest – Based upon recent history, PepsiCo may be vulnerable to strikes and other labor disputes. In 2008 a strike in India shut down production for nearly an entire month. This disrupted both manufacturing and distribution.PepsiCo’s ProblemNegligence on employe es – One of the main lacking components of PepsiCo’s values is their employees. Of the many concerns they have about the consumer and clients, little is said about the way employees are treated and what expectations and responsibilities are towards them. Programs exist that help employee’s take part in the community, and also future employees by offering school programs and scholarships. However, little effort is directed towards the responsibility of the company to employees. Coinciding with their values, objectives, and commitment, employees are left out of the  grand scheme and mayeven be considered a means to an end. The limited focus on employees may be a problemin the long-run due to retention issues and resulting lack of quality.Poor business strategy – PepsiCo’s business strategies were working out very well for them except for in their international operations. The international segment had relatively low profit margins which meant that PepsiCo needed to implement a new organizational structure that would better utilize strategic fits between the company’s international operations Low Productivity – In 2008 PepsiCo had approximately 198,000 employees. Its revenue per employee was $219,439, which was lower than its competitors. This may indicate comparatively low productivity on the part of PepsiCo employees.Image Damage Due to Product Recall – Recently (2008) salmonella contamination forced PepsiCo to pull Aunt Jemima pancake and waffle mix from retail shelves. This followed incidents of exploding Diet Pepsi cans in 2007. Such occurrences damage company image and reduce consumer confidence in PepsiCo products.Conclusion and RecommendationOverall PepsiCo is a successful company with substantial revenue, and a large footprint in the marketplace. PepsiCo should continue to expand their growth and take advantage of potential opportunities by continuing to improve on areas at the corporate top level , in the markets that they currently are in, and in new markets and market segments that they wish to expand into and at last PepsiCo should become more proactive in the health food/product market place rather than being reactive to the market trends. They need to improve their responsiveness and future projections to market trends and changes that can therefore allude to different product segments and target markets.

Exercise & Activitiy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Exercise & Activitiy - Assignment Example After classes, I played basketball for one hour before taking a walk for another mile. I also used a skipping rope and did aerobic dancing for one hour each. I appreciate the importance of physical activities because I have successfully managed to keep obesity at bay, something that other people have not been able to. I need to keep myself as fit as possible, therefore, I use all available opportunities to exercise myself. I also found time to assist my parents with household chores and this has made them to be proud of me. Today, my meals were almost similar to yesterday. However, there was some difference today because I needed to balance the nutrients out. I had little vitamins yesterday, so today I endeavored to compensate for the short today. My lunch today included some cucumbers and okra. I also took two oranges and three sweet bananas. However, this increased my calorie intake. Consequently, I had to do more physical exercises today. After classes, I went swimming for a whole hour, expending more than 400 calories. This was in addition to playing basketball and doing aerobics. I also watched TV in the evening, and afterwards assisted my mother to wash the utensils after dinner. We chatted for half an hour before retiring to bed. I also learnt that God intends us to keep our bodies healthy. Our bodies are the temples of God. Even as I endeavor to keep obesity at bay, I also need to put God into consideration. I, therefore, have to maintain positive behavior that promotes good health. I have learnt to appreciate and respect my body, keeping in mind that it is my greatest and most precious resource. Today, my breakfast consisted of the eggplant, cheese and tomato sauce. I had two servings which equal to about 388 calories. I had tuna casserole with vegetables and mushroom soup for a total of 762 calories (2 cups). For supper, I maintained the mushroom soup, which is a favorite of

Performance improvement in Public Private Partnerships Essay

Performance improvement in Public Private Partnerships - Essay Example Public-private financing alters the type of knowledge yielded along with the collaborative conduct of partners, with those companies in partnership cooperating 3.2 times more regularly (Mansfield 2009). The unique type of funding within the public-private partnerships indeed assuages capital constraints that in turn not only upsurges the financial feasibility of a company by augmenting the prospect of its survival, as well as increasing the company’s headcount (Fleming & Sorenson 2007). These outcomes are experienced during the mid-term span of the company since financing is focused towards certain innovative projects, which take a number of years to cultivate and market (Mansfield 2009). Through employing such underwriting programs, governments are capable of motivating companies to undertake basic technological projects. This augments a company’s aptitude to oversee the technological landscape, but also generate basic research competences, which enable prompter and mo re efficient recognition of spill over opportunities into more applied activities (Kerr, Lerner & Schoar 2011). The conversion of basic technological research leads towards commercialized technology yields from companies with the affiliated benefits to economic growth and employment is an objective shared by numerous policy makers as well as business leaders (Kerr, Lerner & Schoar 2011). The efficiency of an outstandingly effective financing as well as intervention model is seen in the efficacy of the Public-private partnership policy making. By specifically requesting potential private and public sector, associates to emerge and go through an appliance screening procedure followed with a cooperation model, which puts a heavy prominence on cross-boundary operations (Murray 2002). The company under review is adept to reap remarkably higher earnings over a transitional span in job progression, innovative output, in addition to cross-boundary teamwork, which likely will add to a worthy cycle of improved future productions (Fleming & Sorenson 2007). On a policy perspective, by affording public-private partnership financing schemes, governments can motivate firms to undertake basic science projects (Kerr, Lerner & Schoar 2011). This potentially aids with the unrestricted-rider problem in suitability, the deficiency of economic inducements for private companies to embark on such projects because of the incapability to seize all the remunerations from such rudimentary research. As a technique to help firms to stay competitive, administrations can deem this tactic as a hypothetically powerful policy implement (Agrawal & Henderson 2002). Governance Structures Insufficient governance structures have been revealed as causative factor for unsuccessful companies. The grave governance links, which rise in companies where technical-shrewdness, is at jeopardy and suitable dispute resolve needs to ensue (Murray 2002). The one influence for risk transfer occurring is effective governance system. Public-private partnership intricate transactions requirements generate an intrinsic need for precision pertaining to decision-making as

History of New York City Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

History of New York City - Essay Example Most of the names drawn were that of Irish people, whose opposition to the Civil War became all the more pronounced in 1863. The blacks were exempted from this enlistment. This is what triggered the Draft Riots in 1863. The Irish men foresaw the 'freeing of slaves' as detrimental to their work, position and power. The liberated slaves of the south would now occupy the northern markets as cheap labor and take the place of the Irish men. This was one of the major factors, which made the Irish anti-abolitionists. The violent Irish would do anything to safeguard their low wage jobs. New York was the epicenter of the Draft Riots in the year 1863. (Burrows and Wallace, 883). The angry rioters burnt down several buildings on the Third Avenue, Lexington Avenue and 52nd Street. The violent outbursts affected the businesses and properties of many. The attack on the Steinways & Son factory was one such case, which is hardly dwelt upon in previous accounts of the Draft Riots. An Irish settlement near Central Park was burnt down. Fighting continued into the next day on the 1st and 2nd Avenues and 21st street. Some vehicles were seen on the road. A few shops also resumed their services. A large military unit comprising 6000 soldiers combined with a thunderstorm weakened the force of the rioters to a great extent. Peace was restored on July 17th with a speech by the Archbishop Hughes's to mark the occasion. The death toll estimated was approximately 119 and 195 were reported injured. Steinway & son The mass migration which took place in the 19th century saw a major inflow of people from European countries to New York and the United States of America. One such family was that of Steinways. (Steinway: Immigration, Family Business, Neighborhood. A New York Story, 2001). The Zollverein was formed in 1834 to encourage free trade. Most of the German states joined the Zollverein. Owing to tariffs on iron and textile goods, the north-western German states refrained from joining. This hit the Steinways (known as Steinweg then) and other manufacturers hard, as they were required to pay heavy duties for transporting their goods to the north. In the middle of the 1850's, the infected potato crop in Ireland had a disastrous impact on German crops. Agricultural decline, agitation, and a poor economy led many Germans to seek for better opportunities in America. (Lieberman, 35-37) With stricter regulations on trade, the piano making business of the Steinways suffered much and they decided to leave their village Seesen in Germany for America. Charles, one of the sons of Henry E. Steinway, left for America in 1849. With trade and business becoming all the more difficult and the failed February Revolution of 1848, in which Charles participated, the decision to leave for America became indispensable. (Ehrlich, 48) The development of various shipping companies and cheaper travel fares in the 19th century had brought many people to America. A cultural and manufacturing hub of America, New York attracted many immigrants, amongst which Steinway's family deserves special mention. A leading center of piano production, New York held a lot of promise for the Steinways. This was the

Dyson Casestudy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Dyson Casestudy - Essay Example Strategic capabilities Dyson was operating in a very competitive environment. This called for the need to introduce new frameworks and innovations that would see the company survive in the market. James Dyson believed in patents. He always ensured that whatever new form of technology he used was protected by patent laws he did this so as to ensure that his designs and innovations are not copied by the competitors. Dyson also analyzed the market to establish the true market requirements. With this information, he was able to devise a product that would meet all the market requirements and satisfy them (Bessant & Tidd, 2011, p. 267). Dyson was also involved in a move that raised numerous criticisms in its home country, the United Kingdom. James Dyson decided to move its manufacturing plant from United Kingdom to Malaysia and China. This move was to ensure that the company stays competitive. The cost of production in the home country became too much and the move was to ensure that the c ost of production was minimized which will in turn lead to an increase in the amount of profit that was generated. The move to Malaysia, according to James Dyson, was so that they could have a testing facility close to their suppliers, of whom were all located in the eastern countries. This move was aimed at increasing efficiency in the company. However, the move resulted in the loss of hundreds of jobs in the United Kingdom. Imitation Competition is very stiff in the current market. This therefore means that the competitors of the company may try to imitate their biggest rivals in a bid to increase their sales. Due to the fact that James Dyson believed in patent protection so much, it became difficult for other competitors to imitate the company’s products. In my opinion therefore, I think that Dyson’s capabilities could be difficult to imitate. This is because James Dyson has studied school of arts. This therefore means that his ideas and innovations are very unique due to high innovative nature that he is capable of (Witcher & Chau, 2010, p. 79). I therefore think that the competitors may only be able to imitate Dyson’s capabilities in the design level. This is because the competitors will only get to see the product after it has been launched in the market. Dyson always ensures that all its secrets in the production line remain to be just secrets. This is also ensured by the manner in which security within the plant is handled. For starters, every door within the company is opened using a thumb print scanner. However much this is the case, there are still some areas of the company that are regarded to be off limits. That is, there are areas that not everybody is allowed to go in to. Furthermore, all of Dyson’s designs, technologies and innovations are protected by patent laws. This prohibits the competitors from copying any of their designs. As a result, Dyson’s products come out as unique and original designs. This has m ade it extremely impossible for the competitors to imitate anything with regards to Dyson’s products (Thompson & Martin, 2010, p. 167). Distinctive capabilities Dyson has over the years emerged to be at the top of its market. All this is owed to the fact that the company has several unique capabilities and qualities that help in ensuring the company remains competitive in nature. I my opinion, I think James Dyson’s unique ability to come up with new designs and innovations for the

In Bruges Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

In Bruges - Essay Example While following orders to kill the priest, Ray accidentally shoots a young boy killing him. Harry sends Ken and Ray to for hiding in Bruges. Here, they have to wait for further instructions. One night the two men went out to explore the city. They witness a film shoot where a dwarf actor is involved. This seems to amuse Ray. He engages in romance with a drug dealer, Chloe, the assistant producer of the shooting film. Her ex-boyfriend, Eirik, appears and threatens to shoot Ray. Ray disarms and discharges the gun in the man’s face. Later Chloe discloses that she seduces tourists after which they would rob them Ken receives a call from Harry commanding him to kill Ray. Harry says that the purpose of sending them to Bruge was because he wanted Ray to have a good moment before dying. Ken is reluctant about killing Ray. When he tries to kill him, Ray tries to shoot himself but Ken stops him. Ken suggests that Ray should leave Bruges. He tries to escape but a couple he had assaulted spots him. Ken and Harry meet, and he tries to convince Harry to forgive Ray. Filled with rage Harry shoots Ken on the leg and goes ahead to kill Ray. He shoots Ray after he left leaves the building. He also hits the dwarf actor in the process. After knowing that he had killed the child, he kills himself. Roy hopes to live so that he can face the parents of the kid he killed for judgment. The writer does not show out clearly whether the film is a comedy or a tragedy. For example, Ray and Ken chanced a shooting film with a dwarf character. It is also thrilling where gangsters seem sympathetic. Harry, who kills himself after knowing that he had killed a boy, portrays it. On the other hand, there are planed killings. Harry orders Ken to kill Ray, and he shoots Ray in the attempt of killing him. The film is different from other films in that in other films; characters manage to rescue their counterparts from

Human Rights Violation of North Korean Refugees Essay

Human Rights Violation of North Korean Refugees - Essay Example Issues related to human rights violation have also emerged and their status under international law as legal personalities have been persistent issues brought under the international courts. This paper shall primarily discuss human rights violations against North Korean refugees. It will first provide an overview of why these North Koreans became refugees in the first place. It shall then discuss how their refugee status has been evaluated under international law. A discussion on the discriminatory acts against these refugees will also be presented. North Korean domestic laws in relation to these refugees shall also be discussed. China’s response to accusations of negative treatment will also be presented. This paper is being carried out in order to establish a clear understanding of North Korean refugees and how their status has been managed under international laws. ... About 90% of its border is shared with China. China has tolerated some of these refugees to a certain extent, however, these refugees are primarily considered as nuisances, especially as these refugees often engage in problematic activities like stealing, human trafficking, forgery of passports, and organized crime5. The international legal resources which provide assistance to refugees include the UN Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees and the 1967 Protocol of such convention6. Refugees are defined as individuals fleeing their home country due to persecution of fear of being persecuted by reason of race, religion, nationality, or political opinion and due to these same reasons cannot find protection in his country7. The UN High Commissioner for Refugees is the UN agency which is concerned with the protection of refugees and other individuals displaced by conflicts and disasters. This agency ensures that the human rights of these refugees are protected. North Korean refugee s are under the protection of this agency, however, throughout the years, these refugees have still experienced much hardship from their host countries8. Many of these refugees have suffered various human rights violations from their host countries. Women have been vulnerable to rape, prostitution, and forced marriages. Refugees who have made it to China are said to suffer from the constant threat of being discovered by authorities, and many of them are living in abject poverty or are working low paying menial jobs9. China’s response or policies towards North Koreans has mostly been negative. Although it is party to the Refugee Convention and Protocol, China has prevented the UNHCR access to these refugees, arguing that these refugees

Business ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Business ethics - Essay Example akes the market becomes inefficient because it makes companies look good not by producing the best product and services at the least cost but by means of misrepresentation. Companies are made to look profitable by financial acrobatics when in fact, they are not making that much. The prevalence of fraud has a grave social implication whch everybody experienced recently. The financial crisis was precipitated by fraudulent companies where investors lost its trust in the market because of frauds. The law intends to make the financial industry objective and ensures that the financial reports that companies release to the general public are accurate and free from fraud and prevent other companies to have undue advantage through fraud such as the case of Enron. This will make the market more efficient because it prevents fraud which distorts the market. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act law intends to remove the possiblity that auditing firms and companies will connive to give the public a false financial report that distorts the operation of a free market. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act would prevent auditing firms such as Arthur Andersen to assumed the role of an Management Consultant as well as Auditor for companies like Enron. When Arthur Anderson became a Consultant for Enron, it became in effect its employee and thus losing its independence thereby conflict of interest inevitably arise which is inimical to the efficient operation of the market. This would be prevented with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act because the law stresses Auditor Independence that establishes the independence of external auditor to limit the conflicts of interest. Conflict of interest leads to losing independence of audit report that lead to their audit certification of a company’s overstated earnings and thereby distorting the market by not reflecting the true financial position of its players. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act also mandates the establishment of a Public Company Accounting Oversight Board which

Recruitment and Selection Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Recruitment and Selection - Research Paper Example In this reflective report, I will examine how the discernment of the theories for interviewing contributes to the success of an interview. This will also serve as a gauge of my understanding of the concepts studied. This exercise started with the modifying the original job description provided. The original job description was edited to give the recruiting company a more defined identity and to inject the personality of the management. This is an important step in "attracting" the right kind of people to answer the job posting. According to Ben Schneider's Attraction-Selection-Attrition Framework, the personality of the organization is the sum total of the personalities of its employees, thus "people are attracted to an organization on the basis of their interests and personality" as mentioned in the Recruitment and Selection Module of Hull University (5). After the modification of the job description, I created a person specification for what I think is the "ideal person" for the job. For the job person specification, I used Fraser's Five-Fold Grading System, referencing the Recruitment and Selection Module of Black's Academy (2). It is in creating the person specification that I understood th e significance of Schneider's theory of "like-attracts-like". The conceptualization of the interview plan and the formulation of the interview questions followed... For the interview questions, I used a combination of questions based on Behavior Description Interviewing, Situation Interviewing and interjected some technical questions as well (Interview Techniques, University of Alberta, 1-3). I chose to use a combination of these questions to check if the person meets the person specification that I created. Reflective Report Looking back on the interview exercise, I think that it went quite well. I remember being confident during the interview and I was also able to put the interviewee or applicant at ease. Personally, I think the preparation step is very important for two reasons; one is that it enabled the applicant to open up and, two, as the interviewer, I was also able to observe the body language of the applicant without the nervousness. This may have worked because of the amount of preparation that I spent creating and revising my interview plant based on the WASP framework from the Online Business Learning Archive. The predominantly open-ended questions that I used gave the applicant an opportunity to share his experiences in detail which in turn helped me see beyond the CV of the applicant. This exercise helped me see the applicant as a person and imagine how he would fit in my organization. During the interview, although I did plan and succeed in making the applicant at ease, I may have over-emphasized my welcome. As my assessor commented, my statement that "we need you, rather than you need us" may have placed my applicant to mindset of having already secured the job. I think this may also have "weakened" my role as the representative of the employer or company. In the interest of having all of my questions answered, I may have hurried the interview and potentially caused the

Naples - Pizza Essay Example for Free

Naples Pizza Essay In today’s modern era, restaurants environments including small and midsized ones have come to rely on a modern management system. Certainly, there is plenty of big restaurant business that uses modern table management system, for some small businesses like cafe shop/cafeteria, or small dining restaurants, purchase of an electronic system might be considered as an uneconomical use of financial resources. However, the recent development of powerful computer programs capable of addressing a wide variety of record keeping needs, including a table management in one integrated system, has contributed to the growing popularity of electronic system control options. One type of business in which management records are essential is the pizza business. This type of business heavily relies on giving good accommodations for their customers to attract good vibes and have good sales every day. Online table records system are designed to minimize the work of employee by having a automated table serving for the customers so that they can focus on other things they need to do. Pizza is an oven-baked, flat, round bread typically topped with a tomato sauce, cheese and various toppings. Pizza was originally invented in Naples, Italy, and the dish has since become popular in many parts of the world. An establishment that makes and sells pizzas is called a pizzeria. Many varieties of pizza exist worldwide, along with several dish variants based upon pizza. This program simulates the taking of orders at a pizza takeaway restaurant. It can be used as a template for any retail type business. The order form finds customers by phone number. You enter a phone number and click ‘Find Customer’. If the customer is in the database, their information appears and ordering begins. If the customer is not found, you enter customer information and click Save. To order a pizza, choose from the listed options and click ‘Build Pizza’. Add as many pizzas to the order as you desire, then click ‘Order Complete’. A printed receipt is then available. The example database, PIZZADB. DBMS, has a few customers – open in Access to find the phone numbers. This database must remain located in the project folder.

Golden Torch Award Essay Example for Free

Golden Torch Award Essay Companies have been striving to be the best in their respective field of services and products. Continuous improvement on the part of the management and commitment on the part of the employees is very important to stay competitive especially in the ever-growing market of society. It is not thus surprising that companies strive to earn distinguishing marks of excellence such as world-class awards. One of the most prestigious awards that can be received is the Golden Torch Award. Unlike all other awards, the Golden Torch Award stands out from the rest because it is not only an award of excellence but also of justice and fairness on how the company treats employees regarding their race. Purpose and Background The National Society of Black Engineers, famously known as NSBE, initiated the Golden Torch Awards in the year 1997. However, no exact date is available as to when the first Golden Torch Awards has been held. The NSBE is a preeminent organization that seeks to serve blacks in the fields of engineering and technology (2008 GTA Winners). The organization was pioneered by students of Purdue University in 1971. As the campus student organization flourished in Purdue, the charter members encouraged and coordinated with different universities throughout the country offering engineering courses. Thus, in 1975, the organization became national with over 30 school chapter organizations. The group’s well-known torch symbol represents the member’s everlasting and burning desire to achieve the success in a competitive society resulting to a positive effect on the quality of life for people from all walks of life. The organization seeks to make an impact on society and the world by the accomplishments and contributions of its members to engineering, technology and even in the academe (NSBE Mission). The Golden Torch Award is just one of the many activities that the NSBE has imparted to the society. The said award wishes to recognize brilliance among African-American engineers, scientists and technologists, including organizations that have exhibited a commitment to the recruitment, retention and promotion of minorities (Siebels, 2004, p. 329). It honors different companies, institutions and individual persons who enhance their professions and the world with outstanding intelligence, competent talent and vibrant vision at the same time serving as role models for everyone in advancing opportunities for African-Americans (DiScipio). Furthermore, the award links accomplishments of its awardees with the dreams of college-bound students. The Golden Torch Award is bestowed every year on the annual convention of NSBE, which seeks to raise scholarship funds for deserving high school students (2008 GTA Winners). Award Criteria The mission of NSBE is â€Å"to increase the number of culturally responsible black engineers who excel academically, succeed professionally and impact the community positively† (NSBE Mission). It is thus understandable that the Golden Torch Award is designed to highlight the achievements of distinguished black engineers and technical professionals together with incoming college students (US Navy). Golden Torch Awardees are usually chosen by scrutinizing resumes, professional achievements, community service and other criteria depending on the type of category of the award. A team of judges consisting of professional and academic leaders both in the field of science and engineering selects the winners of the award (Black Engineers). There are no specific criteria available for the award. Additionally, it will be very arduous to do so since the Golden Torch Award is but a general term for numerous awards varying in category. Nevertheless, the objectives of the NSBE can be a great estimation of the factors that determine the qualifications for awardees. The NSBE has five objectives to undertake. First is to motivate and develop student interests in the various engineering disciplines. The organization’s second objective is to make a great effort in amplifying the number of minority students learning engineering at undergraduate and graduate levels. The third is to tender assistance to members searching for advanced degrees in the field of engineering or its related fields and obtaining professional engineering registrations. Fourth is promoting public awareness of engineering and the opportunities for minorities in their respective professions. Fifth is to act as ambassadors regarding issues and innovations that may affect careers of black engineers (NSBE Mission). These different objectives of the organization are met in one way or another in the criteria used for judging of Golden Torch Award winners. Awards given are numerous and have different titles. In the year 2000, the awards given are: National Chair’s Award for Leadership in Technology, Executive Leader of the Year, Achievement Award, Lifetime Achievement in Academia, Lifetime Achievement in Government, Lifetime Achievement in Industry, Pioneer of the Year, Outstanding Woman in Technology, Mike Shin’s Distinguished Fellow of the Year, Distinguished Engineer, Diversity Leadership in Industry, Diversity Leadership in Government, Corporate Community Service, Corporate/Education Partnership, Executive Director’s Award for Advancing Diversity, Pre-College Community Service, High School of the Year, Pre-College Program of the Year, Pre-College Student of the Year, Academic Visionary, Graduate Student of the Year, Minority Engineering Program Director, Pre-College Initiative Program of the Year, Chapter of the Year, Technologist of the Year and Member of the Year (Black Engineers). Additional awards given this 2008 include Janice A. Lumpkin Educator of the Year , Entrepreneur of the Year and Corporate Diversity Leadership Award (2008 GTA Winners). Benefits of the Award Although there are no tangible benefits that the Golden Torch Award can offer, it still speaks of the prestige that its awardees can possess. The honor and the promotion somehow provide the awardees’ company popularity and quality assurance that customers and consumers seek out. The said award becomes a showcase of the high standards that a company achieves throughout its existence. It also brings about the respect and gives the image that the company not only offers quality service but also social responsibility. It can speak of the capable and proficient workforce a corporation may have. As a liaison officer of the US Navy commented, the bestowal of the award can be a great opportunity to acknowledge professionalism (US Navy). Receiving the award, companies and individuals can also avail of the different programs that the NSBE offers such as academic excellence programs, scholarships, leadership trainings, professional development and career opportunities in the field of engineering and technology (NSBE Mission). Nevertheless, to think further a bit, the award has its disadvantage too. Since the NSBE is a group that uplifts racial equality, radical groups that favor racial discrimination may condemn the awardees or the companies. Terrorist groups may instill fear to people that support such groups. Moreover, this threat is not utterly dangerous as long as the companies and organizations have appropriate security measures at hand. Past Winners of the Award Winners of the Golden Torch Award have been credited for their outstanding performance and significant contributions in the field of engineering and technology. One example is United Technologies Corp. (UTC), which is the 2005 Corporate Diversity Leadership. The corporation was appreciated for its professional achievements and commitment to diversity initiatives (DiScipio). UTC works for force diversity, education and community outreach to minority groups. Competently, the company is a dealer of a wide range of high technology products and support services to aerospace and building systems industries. Other past individual winners are Alan Gilkes, Sandra Baylor and Dawn Robinson. Alan Gilkes was awarded Distinguished Engineer of the Year in 2000 for his invention of an electronic Braille display device. Sandra Baylor was winner of the Lifetime Achievement in Industry Award, having seven patents whereas Dawn Robinson, a product manager, is the recipient of the Outstanding Woman in Technology Award (Black Engineers). This year’s award list is as follows: Woodrow Whitlow Jr. , Distinguished Engineer of the Year; Rickey J. Shyne, Lifetime Achievement in Government; Juan E. Gilbert, Pioneer of the Year; Celia D. A. Earle, Outstanding Woman in Technology; Arthur L. George, Lifetime Achievement in Industry; Lorraine N. Fleming, Janice A. Lumpkin Educator of the Year; Cheryle L. Peters, Minority Engineering Program Director of the Year; Jonathan D. Madison, Graduate Student of the Year; Michael A. Thompson, Pre-College Initiative Student of the Year(Male); Kathryn M. Daniels, Pre-College Initiative Student of the Year(Female); Pre-Freshman Program in Engineering and Science, Chicago State University, Pre-College Program of the Year; Benedict Lazare, Entrepreneur of the Year; Dow Promise Program, The Dow Chemical Company, Corporate Community Service; UNCF-Merck Initiative, Merck Co. , Inc. , Corporate/Education Partnership; Texas Instruments Incorporated, Corporate Diversity Leadership; Akibi Archer, Mike Shinn Distinguished Member of the Year(Male); Wanda Eugene, Mike Shinn Distinguished Member of the Year(Female); Barbara Michelle Nichols, Alumni Extension Member of the Year; and, Edward Tunstel, Alumni Extension Technologist of the Year (2008 GTA Winners). The awardees surely received the honor due to their innovative contributions and achievements. Conclusion In essence, the Golden Torch Award is an excellence in leadership and quality award. Taking this into consideration, a nomination of the Lockheed Martin Corp. is not a bad idea. Lockheed Martin is a leading international defense contractor that operates on aeronautics, electronics and information technology services as well as space and strategic missiles thus employing a large number of work forces from all over the world. The diversity and quality assurance that the company brings to its customers and employees is worthy of a Golden Torch Award by the NSBE. It would not be a long time before the company is acknowledged for its contributions in the field of defense technology. References DiScipio, J.United Technologies Corporation. (2004, December 14). Society of Black Engineers honors UTC for Diversity Leadership. Retrieved May 8, 2008, from http://utc. com/press/releases/2004-12-14. htm. National Society of Black Engineers. (2008, March 3). 2008 GTA Winners: Top Engineers, Corporate Supporters win NSBE ‘Golden Torch’ Honors. Retrieved May 8, 2008, from http://national. nsbe. org/Default. aspx? tabid=138. National Society of Black Engineers. (2000, March 10). Black Engineers are Recognized for their Contributions, Winners Exemplify the Importance of Mentors. Retrieved May 11, 2008, from http://www. nsbe. org/downloads/pr/press/gta00. pdf.

Ethical and Legal Issues in Nursing

Ethical and Legal Issues in Nursing INTRODUCTION Ethical and Legal Issues in Nursing are applicable for any nurse, from beginner to expert. They are often considered as the vital part of nursing. This assignment will discover ethical and legal implication of the nurse who disguises the information of the lethal ill patient at the request of his family. The family does not want the nurse to notify the patient about the lethal nature of his disease. The family also desires that the nurse should not tell the patient about the medications prescribed to him. Johnstone (2011, p 21) says that nursing professional is very uncertain. The nurse is always in dilemma whether she should cooperate with the family or not. Now the questions that arises here is that if the nurse does not disclose the truth to the patient then what would be the legal implications. Moreover, the nurse is uncertain whether she would go after the wishes of the family or not. In the following discussion, I will look at the ethical principles and legal implications of hiding information from the patient and administering morphine without his information or approval. PALLIATIVE CARE According to WHO, palliative care is defined as an approach that helps in improving the quality of life of the patients and their families facing the problem associated with life-threatening disease. Patients need a palliative care to support their long and slow treatment procedure Tang, (2006, p. 360). It is focused on providing comfort and relief from the pain and the other distressing symptoms of a serious illness. It integrates the psychological and spiritual aspects of patient care. It offers a support system that helps patients to be lively as much as possible until death. It also provides a firm support to the family to cope up with the patient illness and also includes bereavement support for the family. Palliative care uses a team approach to handle the needs of the patients and their families. It is a team based effort of care giving and it is also responsible for initiating the concept of dedicated palliative care development team. The team includes doctor, nurse, massage therapists, nutritionists and pharmacists. A number of medical professionals from different fields of medical sciences are constantly working on developing and designing new measures to provide the best palliative care to the patients who are suffering from serious illness. All the principles of the palliative care must be applied from the time of diagnosis. Palliative care is often associated with terminal diseases like Cancer and AIDS but now the concept has been changed. There are various palliative regimes which are applicable for other diseases, such as cardiac or renal disease, so as to help the patient to cope with the suffering (Johnson et al. 2011). Sometimes, a term ‘Long term care’ is used to describe the palliative care. ETHICAL PRINCIPLES (Hodkinson 2008) state that â€Å"The therapeutic nature of this nurse–patient relationship is a central concept in nursing. The most important issues related to this bond are disclosure of truth, kindness and communication.† The patients who are suffering from terminal illness generally prefer to hear the truth but they wish it to listen to it in a receptive way (Maria, Ann Anna 2011). Autonomy The main principle of autonomy is that the patient should have adequate information about his condition so as to make a significant choice of treatment (Moulton King 2010). The nurse should properly converse with the patient and make sure that the patient is well aware of all available treatment options (Johnstone 2011). (Collis 2006) suggested that before disclosing the information to family members it is must to seek the patient’s consent. It expresses the respect for their autonomy. The nurse should consider patient’s autonomy before administering morphine. (Starzomski 2009) noted, â€Å"Patients and families from diverse communities have different beliefs about autonomy and may not envision disclosure of information in the same way as their health care providers. In these cases this is an area that needs to be carefully explored with patients to ensure their wishes are respected and they are included in the information process in the way that they wish to be.† In this scenario nurse should communicate with the family members in order to convince and find out their preferred way to disclose the diagnosis and prognosis of disease. Beneficence- The principal of beneficence as a ‘do good’ describes applications of interventions that are carried out by nurse and physician for the benefit of patient .It also include the protection of right of health service consumer (Staunton Chiarella 2008). Health professional should treat the person ‘autonomously’ and prevent him/her from harm and care provider should also aware of legal implication of action taken(Ulysse, Balicas Yiquing 2011). Telling truth is not harmful for patient it will cause the peaceful death(OSullivan 2009). The health professional should motivate the family introducing them the benefit of therapeutic discloser and harmful effects of concealing information e.g. administer medication without consent. Justice -Justice described as treat everyone ‘equally and fairly’. It is a primary phenomena in resolving ethical dilemmas .It required to be supplemented by providing good care to health service user (Botes 2000).In order to apply justice health professionals provide care evenly to all the patients in hospital not patient and family. Non – maleficience This principle is based on the phenomena of ‘does no harm’ for example in health care when privacy hard to maintain for research or study purpose then health professional ensure that they do not disclose the patient’s personal details .This principal helps in prevent the occurrence and possibilities of harm. Nurse should access the risk of interventions that she /he is doing.(Ford Reutter 1990) .It also refrain the nurse from the intentional commission of a wrongful act.(Carlson et al. 2010) In many communities for instance Muslim and Indian cultures diseases are perceived as a family matter. Decision making is also â€Å"family centered† so withholding truth is not rare practice. Therefore beneficence and non-malfeasance play vital role in their moral values as compare to patient right to consent in western countries (Pentheny et al ,2011). It is also encouraged that in case of a dilemma a professional should seek help from their regulatory body or councils which can guide them towards a legally and ethically rightful path Hui, (2010, p.76). LEGAL AND ETHICAL IMPLICATIONS Ethics and legal implications are very closely related with each other. Ethics deal with the standards of conduct and ethical judgement whereas legal issues deal with nursing practise which includes licensing, nurse practice acts and standards of care (Chaloner 2007). According to Criminal Code (Palliative Care) Amendment Bill 2003, â€Å"Section 282A does not address consent. The administration of medical treatment including palliative care is already governed by a legal regime. If a person has capacity to decide their medical care the patient will consent to their medical treatment. Unauthorised administration of medical treatment would be assault†. AMA Queensland emphasize that health professionals should respect the ‘autonomy’ terminally ill patients in order to refusal and acceptance of their medical treatments. Ethical and legal implications in palliative care are very significant because it is an end stage treatment where majority of patient are moving towards an impending death. It is a legal right of every Australian citizen to have complete and correct information about their medical situation. Because of this entitlement professionals delivering palliative care and family members of the patient involves in legal and ethical dilemma. Where they are not sure which course of action would be appropriate in both ethical as well as legal manner. Due to these legal issues and emotional disturbances families of the patient and patient itself undergo a lot of stress and psychological trauma. It is also agreed by many experts of palliative care that increased stress would also impact the ability of the patient to cope with the trauma Oonagh (2009, p.123). In this case study patient is facing an impending death from cancer and terminal diagnosis of cancer which will brings her life to the end. This result in deteriorating in her physical health and she may ask question about her situation and prognosis of the disease. With an adult patient it is relatively important to understand the concept of death and disease and they can take a realistic approach towards it by spending their remaining time in a productive manner saying good bye to dear ones and taking care of all formalities before meeting a demises. (ACMA 2011). It is very complicated to reveal the information opposite to relative’s desires (Cavanna et al ,2009) In this scenario, the wishes of the family to hide information from the patient is not unusual.Ethically it looks wrong for a health care practitioner to lie to the patients regarding her medical situation and not inform her about her forthcoming death. There might be things which she wants to do before dying if she would have been informed. There is also legal implication with the fact that a patient is being treated without her consent and it is also violation of the law which gives a patient right to refusal for treatment on her body. For example many patients want to sign DNR (Do Not Resuscitate) forms to ensure that no attempts should be made to revive them if they are close to death. In this case study patient is being denied of this right as well Hanson (2002). If by family here it is implied that her legal guardian wishes to keep this information hidden from the patient, then according to Giacalone (2007, p.368) the nurse is not legally bound to honour their desires to do so would run counter to the law etc. Prima Facie it is a clear case of violation of constitutional rights of a patient if nursing professional does not inform the patient about her medical condition and learn her desire and judgment in designing and developing her future treatment and palliative care plan. According to Australian constitutional law the patient have the first right on information regarding his medical condition and it is on his discretion that with whom this information should be shared. If a patient expressively states that he doesn’t wish to share his medical information with his family then it is legal obligation of hospital and medical professional to maintain the wish of the patient. Law handbook Victoria recognizes another law governing certain aspect of hospital care and ethical issue. This law is known as doctor patient confidentiality law this state that medical practitioner doctor, nurse or a paramedical personnel cannot divulge information about his patient to a non related person or a person without patient’s medical attorney until and unless directed by the court of law. . This regulation ensures that dignity and privacy of the patient is maintained and there is no legal or ethical negligence from the doctor in the entire transaction Vickers, (2004, p.232). SOLUTIONS AND BEING ETHICALLY RIGHT In the past years, the physicians were very reluctant to tell the truth to their patients regarding their existing health conditions. On the other hand, in these times the patients do want their physicians to tell them the truth about the diagnosis and the medical therapies. According a survey conducted almost three decades ago, it has been cleared that 97% of the physicians felt that it is correct to tell the truth to the patients regarding all the relevant aspects of their illness which includes the nature of the illness and its expected outcomes. Sometimes it is seen that there is psychological impact on the patient’s mindset and it’s really hard for them to cope with such a stressful situation (Kendall 2006). In such a situation, palliative care specialists can be proved quite helpful as they can provide resources to help the patient and his family deal with emotions that come with a serious illness. They may provide counseling, organize family meeting or make refer rals to mental health professionals if needed (Bush Bruni 2008). However, if the conditions are presented in an undignified manner then it is possible that it may create a negative picture of the situation in the patient’s mind and in that case it is obvious that the sufferings and stress of the patient would increase instead of decreasing and the patient may lose the hope to live (Li et al. 2008). Tuckett suggests that it is necessary to understand the mental state of the patient before passing on the entire information to him. The final decision is made by the doctor and his medical team regarding the disclosure of the truth to the patient after analyzing all his mental status (2012). Even the court of law has approved this argument that if the doctor and his medical team prove with an evidence that the information would have a devastating effect on the patient then they have a full power to hide the information from the patient or they reveal the truth to the patient when they believe it is appropriate time to tell Seymour (2004, p. 165). On the other hand, it may be possible that the patient does not want to listen to the information regarding his health but in such a situation it is the duty of the physician to provide the basic information to the patient (council 2004). IMPACT ON NURSING PRACTICE When the medical practitioners communicate with the patients, being honest is a fundamental way to develop trust and respect for the patient. Patients show a great deal of trust in their physician and they may feel deceived if they discover that there is lack of honesty by the physician. But, sometimes a situation arises when the physician thinks that disclosure would create a harmful effect on the patient and it may be validated to hold back the truthful information in that case. (Robinson January-February) explains that sometimes holding back the truthful information from patient may lead to feeling of regret in the health care providers. It can also be one of the main reasons of moral distress on them. (Goethals, Gastmans de Casterlà © 2010) state that many a times the moral distress may lead to less involvement of nurse in his work. It can also cause some kinds of health problems which may eventually leads to resignation from job. Ulysses et al (2011) asserts that in health pra ctise the therapeutic nondisclosure may lead to frustration which in turn affects the practitioner’s responsibility towards his patient and his family. CONCLUSION Many types of complex situations are often faced by several nurses throughout their professional life. Some professionals consider such types of suffering more badly than death. It is totally unfair to withhold the truth from the patient about his existing health conditions, especially when the patient is capable enough to give the consent about various medications and procedures. According to the constitution of Australia, it is not at all acceptable to claim the life of a person for any medical reason and direct any medications without his consent. This case study has proved very beneficial in developing a very in depth understanding of the various medical laws and legal problems which are faced by the health professionals. It should be the duty of every medical professional that in any situation he should not break any of the legal obligations. It also provides detailed information about the various significant steps that should be taken to handle these types of ethical dilemmas.

Marijuana Is Beneficial Essay -- pot should be legal

To toke or not to toke that is the question. Whether tis nobler in the mind to suffer the slings and arrows of society or succumb to popular opinion and legalize Marijuana. Marijuana is a cure for anorexia as well as glaucoma. Marijuana is even a helping factor for relieving some symptoms of A.I.D.S. Still the government of our nation has Marijuana classified as a Division I drug. Which means it serves no medical use and does in no way benefit society. The studies outdated and scientifically proven to be incorrect still remain beliefs of our government. Supporters of the legalization of Marijuana have many scientifically proven facts that point to the fact Marijuana should be legalized. Marijuana legalization would prove to be beneficial in a number of areas. The first bonus to legalizing Marijuana is its medical uses. Marijuana stimulates the immune system and serves as a cure for glaucoma. Marijuana helps people with AIDS retain and eat food. Marijuana use also has intellectual benefits. Marijuana increases alpha wave activity in the brain. The alpha waves are associated with creativity. This creativity is potentially the foundation of literary and musical revelation. Bob Marley was one of the most influential musical composers of all times. Marley's music has persevered throughout the years. He openly admitted, on many occasions, to smoking marijuana before he wrote and composed songs. Marley's influence is global. His nickname of "the Legend" has distinguished him from many other musicians. His global fame separates him from all other musicians. Many people have attributed Marley's creative genius to his use of marijuana. Socially, marijuana is better from the standpoint of addiction. Marijuana is less addictive than tobacco. Essentially marijuana is neither as physically nor mentally addictive as Nicotine. Another social benefit of marijuana is its not cancer causing when compared to legal drugs like caffeine or Cigarettes. These are only a few of the reasons that Marijuana legal. To really get into the legalization issue not only do you have to look into the facts of the case but also the employment effects it would have. Granted there are no hard facts that say marijuana needs to be legal (or illegal). If a person tries pictures the number of jobs a single American field of Marijuana would create, they find i... ...yet the government says that it still harms you when you smoke it. The government refers to the thousands of chemicals in marijuana you still do inhale when you smoke it. The government fails to mention that every cup of coffee has eight hundred volatile chemicals. After testing a mere twenty-one of the chemicals in coffee studies found that sixteen of them were cancerous. However, coffee considered fairly safe is legal. Investigating each fact of the two cases dealing with marijuana it seems that marijuana should be legal The legalization activists seem to have the answer to almost every fact presented by the anti-marijuana activists. The American public needs to look on these facts as they formulate their personal opinion. This debate is too important to let uneducated people decide the fate of others. America needs to get rid of the old stereotypes of marijuana and formulate their opinion on facts not fancy. Bibliography Page Hager Paul. Marajuana Myths. Not published, :ICLU Drug Task Force Wallace J.M.. "Peripheral Blood Lymphocyte Subpopulations and Mitogen Responsiveness in Tobacco and Marijuana Smokers" Journal of Psychoactive Drugs.:(1988) Marijuana Is Beneficial Essay -- pot should be legal To toke or not to toke that is the question. Whether tis nobler in the mind to suffer the slings and arrows of society or succumb to popular opinion and legalize Marijuana. Marijuana is a cure for anorexia as well as glaucoma. Marijuana is even a helping factor for relieving some symptoms of A.I.D.S. Still the government of our nation has Marijuana classified as a Division I drug. Which means it serves no medical use and does in no way benefit society. The studies outdated and scientifically proven to be incorrect still remain beliefs of our government. Supporters of the legalization of Marijuana have many scientifically proven facts that point to the fact Marijuana should be legalized. Marijuana legalization would prove to be beneficial in a number of areas. The first bonus to legalizing Marijuana is its medical uses. Marijuana stimulates the immune system and serves as a cure for glaucoma. Marijuana helps people with AIDS retain and eat food. Marijuana use also has intellectual benefits. Marijuana increases alpha wave activity in the brain. The alpha waves are associated with creativity. This creativity is potentially the foundation of literary and musical revelation. Bob Marley was one of the most influential musical composers of all times. Marley's music has persevered throughout the years. He openly admitted, on many occasions, to smoking marijuana before he wrote and composed songs. Marley's influence is global. His nickname of "the Legend" has distinguished him from many other musicians. His global fame separates him from all other musicians. Many people have attributed Marley's creative genius to his use of marijuana. Socially, marijuana is better from the standpoint of addiction. Marijuana is less addictive than tobacco. Essentially marijuana is neither as physically nor mentally addictive as Nicotine. Another social benefit of marijuana is its not cancer causing when compared to legal drugs like caffeine or Cigarettes. These are only a few of the reasons that Marijuana legal. To really get into the legalization issue not only do you have to look into the facts of the case but also the employment effects it would have. Granted there are no hard facts that say marijuana needs to be legal (or illegal). If a person tries pictures the number of jobs a single American field of Marijuana would create, they find i... ...yet the government says that it still harms you when you smoke it. The government refers to the thousands of chemicals in marijuana you still do inhale when you smoke it. The government fails to mention that every cup of coffee has eight hundred volatile chemicals. After testing a mere twenty-one of the chemicals in coffee studies found that sixteen of them were cancerous. However, coffee considered fairly safe is legal. Investigating each fact of the two cases dealing with marijuana it seems that marijuana should be legal The legalization activists seem to have the answer to almost every fact presented by the anti-marijuana activists. The American public needs to look on these facts as they formulate their personal opinion. This debate is too important to let uneducated people decide the fate of others. America needs to get rid of the old stereotypes of marijuana and formulate their opinion on facts not fancy. Bibliography Page Hager Paul. Marajuana Myths. Not published, :ICLU Drug Task Force Wallace J.M.. "Peripheral Blood Lymphocyte Subpopulations and Mitogen Responsiveness in Tobacco and Marijuana Smokers" Journal of Psychoactive Drugs.:(1988)

Megachurches and Theologies of Consumption :: Religion Christian

Last weekend, while attending Lexington, KY’s Southland Christian Church, I received an invitation to attend a â€Å"Poor Man’s After-Tax Dinner.† Located on a 115-acre plot that occupies a stretch of the rapidly disappearing farmland between Lexington and Jessamine County, Southland will host the gala, which includes a catered meal and a performance by the Dale Adams Band. On the church’s website, an announcement for the event asks, â€Å"Did you have to pay when you filed taxes? This month’s Gathering is designed to help you to forget your IRS woes.†[1] The After-Tax Dinner will minister to those still reeling from the April 15th deadline, and, with any luck, it will foster solidarity among Southland’s flock, the majority of whom are members of the tax bracket whose wallets ache most severely after just having rendered unto Caesar the money that belongs to him. Southland Christian Church, one of several worship centers in the United States that has earned the moniker â€Å"Six Flags over Jesus,† is Lexington’s largest megachurch. With a weekly attendance of 8,000 people and an operating budget that supports a staff of over eighty members, Southland far exceeds most U.S. congregations in terms of financial resources and social clout. In recent years, popular and scholarly studies have attempted to situate the megachurch movement within a broad cultural context. Although the majority of these analyses dispute the precise definition of a megachurch, most distinguish these multiplex sanctuaries from smaller worship communities by using the same criteria—i.e. weekly attendance, campus acreage, annual budget, etc.—that megachurches themselves draw on to represent their own success. [2] However, the essence of a megachurch is not its large buildings, but rather the theology of consumption that informs it s programming.[3] In this way, a megachurch ethos has infiltrated even the smallest congregations in the United States and has helped to solidify Christianity’s inextricable connection to consumer capitalism. To those who see megachurches as symptomatic of a flawed Christianity, market-minded church growth confounds one of the faith’s oldest dualities, the contradiction of living in the world without conforming to its ways, as Paul puts it in Romans 12. Megachurches at once reject â€Å"the world† and participate in it by seeking to win the lost and wow the consumer at the same time.

Ahab as the Hero of Moby Dick Essay -- Moby Dick Essays

Ahab as the  Hero of Moby Dick      Ã‚  One might think it a difficult task to find a tragic hero hidden in the pages of Moby Dick. Yet, there is certainly potential for viewing Ahab as heroic despite unfavorable responses to him by the reader. In the original formula coming from the Greeks, the tragic hero had to be a high-born individual of elevated status possessed of a fatal flaw which resulted in their downfall. With Othello Shakespeare redefined elevated status to include position alone rather than being linked to societal or birth status. In this way it was possible for Othello as the military leader to be the tragic hero despite being an outsider in the composition of the society. Melville follows this example in Moby-Dick. On board the Pequod, Ahab as the ship's captain assumes the role of king or dictator that gives him the elevated status to fit this traditional view of the hero (Millhauser 76). Melville himself wrote: Men may seem detestable . . . ; men may have mean and meagre faces; but man, in the ideal, is so noble and so sparkling, such a grand and glowing creature, that over any ignominious blemish in him all his fellows should run to throw their costliest robes . . . . If, then, to meanest mariners, and renegades and castaways, I shall hereafter ascribe high qualities, though dark; weave round them tragic graces; . . . then against all mortal critics bear me out in it, thou just Spirit of Equality, which has spread one royal mantle of humanity over all my kind! . . . . Thou who, in all Thy mighty, earthly marchings, ever cullest Thy selectest champions from the kingly commons; bear me out in it, O God! (444-445)    Melville takes the traditional heroic view and reinterprets it from the American... ... halters round their necks; but it is only when caught in the swift, sudden turn of death, that mortals realize the silent, subtle, ever-present perils of life" (Melville 545). With these words, Ahab's fate is linked with a universal fate of mankind. Through this common denominator, Ahab's struggle becomes that of all men everywhere.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Ahab, Melville developed an unlikely hero. He is not always appealing, but he does seek within his own realm of knowledge and experience to overcome what he perceives as a major evil force. Ultimately, Ahab gives his life in pursuit of a betterment for everyone.    Works Cited Melville, Herman. Moby-Dick. 8 Classic American Novels. Ed. David Madden. San Diego: Harcourt, 1990. Millhauser, Milton. "The Form of Moby-Dick." Critics on Melville. Ed. Thomas J. Rountree. Coral Gables: U of Miami P, 1972. 76-80.

Introduction to Networking Test Questions

What type of network will they be implementing to connect their two offices? A. LAN b. internetwork c. MAN d. SAN 2. What was the primary reason to create a network? b. d. share resources communicate with e-mail share information 3. You're the network administrator for a company located in Arizona that has Just opened an office in Texas. You need to make sure that the two locations can communicate. What type of network are you implementing? MAN b. WAN c. internetwork d. extended LAN 4. You have Just started a new business.You need to have three to four workstations vailable for your employees who simply need to share some files and a printer, but you dont have a large budget. Security is not a major concern, but costs are. What type of network would be the most appropriate for your situation? internetwork domain peer-to-peernetwork server-based network 5. What is a policy that defines the methods involved when a user logs on to the network called? a. audit b. security c. a uthenticat ion d. acceptable use ‘2-l$age 5' Which one of the following passwords meets Windows password complexity requirement?NetWoRKing NetworkinglsFun N3tworkinglOl [email  protected]@slcs 7†² What is a type of malware that is so difficult to detect and remove that most experts agree that it is better to backup your critical data and reinstall the OS? rootkit Trojan hoax virus spyware 8. When a frame is received, which component reads the source and destination MAC addresses, looks up the destination to determine where to send the frame, and forwards it out the correct port? router switch repeater hub 9. How does a switch â€Å"learn† MAC addresses? b' The switch comes loaded with the most frequently used addresses.The switch reads ach frame and makes a note of where each MAC address came from. The switch uses a mathematical formula to determine what the MAC address would be for each computer connected to it. 10. Why is the use of a switch preferred over a hub? Switches can operate in full-duplex mode. All of the above. 11. what d, broadcast unicast Devices on a hub have to share the available bandwidth. Switches are intelligent; they read the frame and determine where to send it. is a packet called multicast anycast -3-1Fng* that is intended for only one individual computer? 12. What is the purpose of the default route? It serves as a guideline for how to configure routes. It's a route set by Microsoft so that all information comes to their servers first. It's where the router sends all packets with destinations of which it has no knowledge. None of the above 13. Which of the following is not a form of electromagnetic interference, or EMI? rain/fog transformer fluorescent lights crosstalk 14. When a signal travels across network medium, it signal loses strength the further it gets from the transmitting station, to the point where the receiving station can no longer interpret the signals correctly.What is the term for this phenomenon? a. electroma gnetic interference attenuation radio frequency interference 15. Which of the following is a length of cable that connects a computer to either a networking device or to an patch panel cable segment backbone cable patch cable 16. In what layer does the NIC operate? Network Access Internetwork Transport Application 17. Which protocol is responsible for determining the MAC address associated with each IP address and keeping a table of its results? MAC DNS ARP NAT -4-l$nge 18. An IP address consists of four octets separated by periods.

It’s up in the Air, or Is It Essay

The article elaborates on how individual sociological imagination can connect sociable structure to life history. In this case, sociological imagination refers to understanding of individual doings as the product of historical processes that equals a persons mixer environment. The rules of social structure ar considered to restrict the trade of individuals and also mould outcomes for them. However, students are non able to resonate the connection surrounded by individual action and structural outcomes.In sociological imagination, social structural rendering can be used to retort the several questions of social stratification. It is evident that distinguishable forces than individual characteristics shape the outcome and distributions of social rewards (Renzulli, Aldrich, Reynolds, 51). Organizations help to reduce inconsistency in the company by allowing prospective entrepreneurs from different social origins to access to wealth-generating assets.In parade of battle to show how social structure of society shapes the results for individuals, the students can be engaged in a multiple rounds of coin tossing gritty. The high will also include almost rules and regulations to be followed. The results of the game will be highly predictive on how the social structures mould the outcomes of individuals. From the distribution of the coins, the students will gain that inequality and personal prosperity are not the result of personal characteristics (Renzulli, Aldrich, & Reynolds, 56).The allowance of the rules of the game will help the students to see how real world processes generate inequality in the community. It is clearly acknowledged that, structures and rules affect a persons business leader to access an opportunity regardless of his or her talent. However, some improvements have to be make on the game in order to give the best results to the students. Therefore, coin tossing game can be used to efficaciously demonstrate how sociological i magination development student understanding of the social world.

Supply, Demand and Diversity Factors in the Workforce of Australia

Education needs to be accessible to click all so as to create a very comprehensive and diverse social work force.If the number or mix of staff are forget not sufficient or not meet the requirements, the careful search for external information is required. Theses additional information can be obtained through the intranet, policy documents, divisional reports logical and etc.The beginning is made a list of current employees to identify foreseeable future skills. This analysis includes an audit of direct current skills of each employee.Strong growth was recorded in quite a few service-based industries.For how this reason the skills shortage and staff rapid turnover still are being a problem. People great need to feel purposeful and valued about where the organization is going. The companies need to create strategies to retain preventing their talent and this is the main feature deeds that ensures competitiveness, much more than material resources, financial and technological. The A NZ bank has a supply first intensive with over 15.

Gain in third grade and the quantity of the workforce increases speed of rapid growth that is financial.Using (not just repeating) the labour supply available data or demographic and economic data: explain how try this data will be used to forecast only human resources supply within ANZ Bank Australia. The only Human Resource Planning will be affected according to the higher level of business development.If the company is starting now, the HRP good will hire only candidates with skills that sustain the military operations of the company. But if the company is growing, the HRP good will focus on the hiring of experts.Demand for teachers is on the upswing.Today this military strategy is being implemented in Asia and the Pacific. industrie ANZ bank seeks to avoid redundancies. 3. Balancing adequate Supply and Demand Considerations Review of diversity in the Australian workforce – how would this affect/apply to industrie ANZ Bank Australia.

The labour market can be quite competitive.An example that expresses this problem is start with receptionist position because over half 54% of administration logical and office staff a new job and it how have proven that receptionist are the most unhappy. This present position is easily filled and employers don’t have to invest in these staff, even the reception staff are the face of an organisation. The challenge has been also finding other people who are prepared to develop their skills logical and match the current needs of the companies.The qualities that private employers are looking for today in other candidates are: resilience, strong leadership, ability to hide seek ways to remain competitive from a business development economic standpoint and the ability to be more productive start with limited resources.Successful recruitment strategies will want to get devised if there is an organization short of skilled workers to make it to the company objectives.The big bus iness also provides domestic partners with benefits.

second One of the benefits of boomerang workers is they do not urgent need a comprehensive orientation andre already acquainted with the providers culture.The common use of talent analytics increase.If done well, workforce economic planning raises productivity, cut labor expenditures logical and dramatically cut time-to-market since youll have the amount of people start with the abilities at the ideal moment.If a supplier is likely to satisfy based its forecasted talent needs action plans need to be implemented.

Report on Surajkund Essay

The Surajkund Crafts Mela is create apiece social class by the tourism plane fraction in Haryana in February. This is a precise well-heeled and exotic handi wiles and handloom evenhandedly that is be after sever completelyy social class to popularise the traditionalistic handi dodges in India understand by the countrified phratry in Surajkund. This was first-class honours degree organised in the course of study 1981 and it continues to be a study programme for Indian trickisans to case the skills in the art per fashionance and business deals. This is a weeklong sporting, which is celebrate annu e realy. scads of ingenious artisans from all oer India make love mystify to put follow through and publicise their crafts. rough of the seduce that is displayed hither is period gray-headed and has been passed down since ages. Surajkund mela provides its visitors the undecomposed and penetrating textiles, paintings, drop trifle, timberwind inst rumentlandwind instrument stock, terracotta, pottery, lac conk, sess start and tilt litigate. The visitors female genitals alike let out present extensively for near of the macrocosms prize wares. This f aureole is not unsloped con alright to art deceases and exhibitions merely as well as display windows a opthalmic make whoopie to the visitors in the form of performances from the surplus(a) Natyashala clan dances and unison change evenings at an undetermined air sphere present in the venue.A divers(prenominal) seethe of delectable savories, which is wide-awake by exp anents, is as well offered to the visitors. The cuisine is virtuallyly agrestic, which is unploughed so to duad the alkali of the festival. each(prenominal) social class the Surajkund crafts festival has a theme, invigorate by the art moulds from a specific Indian distinguish and the absolute atmospheric press out of the sportsmanlike is knowing accordingly. just about states showcase their o.k.st handlooms, voluptuous rural cuisines and handicrafts in this decorous. near of the about deligtful crafts collections of the Mela draw from really much all eachwhere the area.In wood and reproof fetch on ornament fashion, bloom wood carving, sandal wood from Punjab and mhoern close India. Chiki wood craft of Kashmir and many very fine whip craft begin from due west Bengal and northern eastern States. Delcate sholapith and shital patti work come from Assam and due west Bengal. The phulkari of Punjab, the Banjara and Banni embroidery of Gujarat and Rajasthan, the Kantha traditions from westbound Bengal and Tripura, lock and pluck from Goa, the Suzni of Kashmir and mirror encasing work along with the traditional chikan work of Lucknow savor.oxidised jewellery, ocean pound decorations and agate stone work catch as overly do piano bullion work and underslung flatware jewellery. Toys in wood and scum bage, ply and boll ocks up make the newfangled weigh boot with joy. almost of the fine phad paintings of Rajasthan, the kalamkari of Andhra and Karnataka, synagogue paintings of Orissa, madhubani of Bihar, fascinate. In the surface section tribal dhora work, neoclassic south Indian surface work, glittering judicature ware, buzzer metal and iron craft delight collectors.In the athletic field of twist textiles nigh of the finest silk work of Orissa, Patola, Bandhini of Gujarat and Rajasthan, Ikat, Kanjeevaram, Dharmavaram and temple silks of southward India repugn for caution with the most saucer-eyed cottons of west Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and tribal textiles of northwestern tocopherol India as likewise do the handloom of Haryana. The mixed Crafts participated in the Mela every form. Themes for the light in some of the honorables were Madhya Pradesh in 2009, Paschim Banga in 2008, Andhra Pradesh in 2001, Maharashtra in 2006 and the state of Chattisgarh in the year 2005.Sur ajkund is a major(ip) put up hardened at a infinite or 8 km of confederation Delhi in the metropolis of Faridabad. This tooshie is very tardily friendly by pass from Delhi. The Haryana tourist business office arranges special tours from 36 Janpath way in smart Delhi. The near airport is find in Delhi. The rate where this fair is create is at a quad of 25 km from Palam Airport. Thus, tour this fair atleast erst is highly recommended as the rich grow and aline color and creativity of our country can be discover self-aggrandizing one of the most exquisite experiences.

Sir Mohammed Iqbal Biography Essay

Sir Mohammed Iqbal was natural at Sialkot, India (now in Pakistan), on 9th November, 1877 of a virtuous family of sm each(prenominal) merchants and was educated at politics College, Lahore. He is usu only(a)y referred to as Allama Iqbal ( , Allama meaning educatee).In europium from 1905 to 1908, he realise his tip in ism from the University of Cambridge, suffice as a barrister in London, and sure a doctors degree from the University of Munich. His thesis, The victimisation of Metaphysics in Persia, revea lead al surface-nigh aspects of Moslem apparitional un terra firmaly secludedism in cardinal case foreign in Europ On his deteriorate from europium, he gained his pecuniary backing by the execute of justness, provided his fame came from his Iranian- and Urdu-langu develop verse, which was create verbally in the definitive sprint for populace recitation. by means of poetical symposia and in a milieu in which memorizing poesy was customary, his hoar became wide kn procl convey, regular(a) among the mishapiterate. manywhat all the easily-bred Indian and Pakistani Moslems of his and by and by generations lay down had the enclothe of quoting Iqbal. forwards he discovered europium, his verse form corroborate Indian nationalism, as in Naya shawala (The untestedly communion table), provided clip international from India caused him to campaign his perspective.He came to tap nationalism for a forked priming coat in europium it had take to cataclysmal racialism and imperialism, and in India it was non founded on an adequate degree of roughhewn purpose. In a patois delivered at Aligarh in 1910, to a lower place the deed of fixance Islam as a kind and semi semi governmental Ideal, he indicated the peeled Pan- Moslem bearing of his hopes. The repeated themes of Iqbals meter argon a entrepot of the vanished glories of Islam, a illness more or less its in taut decadence, and a weep to o neness and reform. tame screwing be attaind by fortify the mortal finished ternion successive stages fealty to the justness of Islam, ego-control, and sufferance of the appraisal that bothone is potentially a vicegerent of immortal (naib, or mumin). Further to a groovyer extent(prenominal), the march of action is to be preferent to abstainer resignation. trey earthshaking meters from this peak, Shikwah (The ill), Jawab-e shikwah (The react to the heraldic bearing), and Khizr-e rah (Khizr, the surpass), were promulgated later in 1924 in the Urdu order Bang-e dara (The recollect of the cost). In those whole be givens Iqbal gave brutal subjectface to the twisting of Moslem powerlessness. Khizr (Arabic Khidr), the Quranic visionary who asks the or so bey questions, is visualized carry from idol the convoluted problems of the early(a) twentieth century. credit came in 1915 with the government issue of his ache Iranian rime Asrar-e khudi (The Secrets of the Self). He wrote in Iranian because he sought-after(a) to channelize his magical spell to the positive Moslem orbit. In this pass he displays a conjecture of the ego that is a surd nemesis of the self-importance-negating quietism (i.e., the statutory opinion that beau creative thinkerl and uncanny tranquillity atomic number 18 achieve by dormant immersion in reflection of immortal and manufacturer things) of virtuous Moslem mysticism his reflection blow out of the water virtually an(prenominal) and provoke controversy. Iqbal and his admirers steadily rise-kept that original self-affirmation is a primal Moslem merit his dilettantes tell he enforce themes from the German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche on Islam.The dialectical detonate of his idea was evince by the undermentioned foresighted Iranian poetry, Rumuz-e bikhudi (1918 The Mysteries of Selflessness). scripted as a differ to the individuality preached i n the Asrar-ekhudi, this metrical com fructify cal direct for self-surrender... . Lo, inter modificationable a candela hand-to-hand struggle with the darkness .. . Oer my own self I bourgeon my fill crying I worn-out(a) my self, that t here force be more light, .. .. to a peachyer extent cognizeliness, more wallow for some erupt men.The Moslem lodge, as Iqbal conceived it, ought efficaciously to get word and to get a ache free-hearted answer to the ideals of labor union and justice. The arcanum of self- commit was the concealed forte of Islam. Ultimately, the lone(prenominal) tolerable mood of quick self-realisation was the sacrifice of the self in the wait on of causes greater than the self. The mental image was the conduct of the illusionist Muhammad and the prone wait on of the inaugural believers. The foster poem completes Iqbals conception of the net pot of the self. Later, he create trinity more Iranian wads. Payam-e Mashriq (1923 pass along of the einsteinium), scripted in re dampee to J.W. von Goethes westmost-stlicher divan (1819 diwan of West and eastern hemisphere), sustain the ordinary hardness of Islam. In 1927 Zabur-e Ajam (Iranian psalm)appe atomic number 18d, most which A.J. Arberry, its spokesperson into position, wrote Iqbal displayed here an only uncomparable natural endowment for the most mild and pleasant-tasting of all Persian styles, the ghazal, or love poem. Javid-nameh (1932 The striving of clippinglessness) is considered Iqbals masterpiece.Its theme, resonant of Dantes reverent Comedy, is the heave of the poet, channelize by the great 13th-century Persian mystic Jalal ad-Din ar-Rumi, with and by means of all the realms of aspect and beget to the net encounter. Iqbals later on publications of song in Urdu were Bal-e Jibril (1935 Gabriels move), Zarb-e kalim (1937 The gibbousness of Moses), and the late Armaghan-e Hijaz (1938 con nominal head of the He jaz), which contained verses in both(prenominal) Urdu and Persian. He is considered the superlative poet in Urdu of the twentieth century.Upon his sacrifice to India in 1908, Iqbal took up abetter _or_ abettor death chair at the giving medication College in Lahore, nevertheless for monetary reasons he relinquish it in spite of appearance a twelvemonth to outwear law. During this pointedness, Iqbals own(prenominal) emotional suppose was in turmoil. He break Karim Bibi in 1916, unless provided financial documentation to her and their children for the peace of his life. bit maintaining his judicial practice, Iqbal began concentrating on spectral and spectral subjects, and publication rhyme and literary plant. He became vigorous in the Anjuman-e-Himayat-e-Islam, a sexual congress of Moslem sharps, keep openrs and poets as well as politicians, and in 1919 became the planetary monument of the organisation. Iqbals apprehensions in his take a crap in the for the start-off duration place tapersed on the apparitional explosive charge and knowledge of humane nightclub, centred just about escorts from his expedition and stomach in occidental Europe and the midpoint tocopherol. He was deeply deviated by Hesperian philosophers much(prenominal) as Friedrich Nietzsche, Henri Bergson and Goethe, and soon became a plastered connoisseur of Hesperian societys time interval of piety from state and what he comprehendd as its fixation with materialist pursuits.The poetry and philosophic system of Mawlana Rumi bore the deepest determine on Iqbals mind. late grounded in faith since childhood, Iqbal would dispirit intensely concentrating on the take of Islam, the finishing and chronicle of Islamic acculturation and its policy-making future, and shove Rumi as his take up. Iqbal would let Rumi in the business office of a guide in umteen of his poems, and his drubs center on reminding his readers of the byg one glories of Islamic civilization, and delivering a marrow of a pure, apparitional focus on Islam as a obtain for socio- governmental exit and greatness. Iqbal denounced semipolitical divisions inwardly and amongst Islamic nations, and much alluded to and spoke in harm of the spherical Moslem comm ace, or the Ummah.Iqbals first deform create in Urdu, the Bang-e-Dara (The blackguard of the walk Bell) of 1924, was a hookup of poetry indite by him in trinity decided phases of his life.4 The poems he wrote up to 1905, the twelvemonth Iqbal left hand for England assimilate patriotism and resource of landscape, and includes the Tarana-e-Hind (The pains of India), popularly know as Sa atomic number 18 Jahan Se Achcha and other poem Tarana-e-Milli (Anthem of the ( Islamic) Community), which was comprise in the equal clock time and rhyme arrangement as Sa atomic number 18 Jahan Se Achcha.The bite align of poems take in from betwixt 1905 and 1908 when Iqbal analyse in Europe and subsist upon the disposition of European society, which he accentuate had lost(p) eldritch and religious set. This enliven Iqbal to write poems on the historical and heathen heritage of Islamic floriculture and Moslem slew, non from an Indian hardly a planetary perspective. Iqbal urges the global biotic community of Moslems, intercommunicate as the Ummah to make personal, fond and political initiation by the values and teachings of Islam. Poems much(prenominal) as Tului Islam (Dawn of Islam) and Khizr-e-Rah (The control Path) are particularly acclaimed.Iqbal favourite(a) to work in the main in Persian for a prevailing geological period of his career, further after 1930, his whole caboodle were in the first place in Urdu. The full treatment of this period were a lot specifically say at the Islamic volume of India, with an tied(p) loadeder vehemence on Islam, and Islamic phantasmal and political reawakening. promulgated in 1935, the Bal-e-Jibril (Wings of Gabriel) is considered by many critics as the finest of Iqbals Urdu poetry, and was shake by his visit to Spain, where he visited the monuments and legacy of the realm of the Moors. It consists of ghazals, poems, quatrains, epigrams and carries a strong sense religious indignation.4The Pas Cheh Bayed Kard ai Aqwam-e-Sharq (What are we to do, O Nations of the East?) includes the poem Musafir (Traveller). Again, Iqbal depicts Rumi as a casing and an translation of the mysteries of Islamic laws and Sufi perceptions is given. Iqbal laments the quarrel and disunity among the Indian Moslems as well as Muslim nations. Musafir is an eyeshade of one of Iqbals journeys to Afghanistan, in which the Pashtun people are counseled to regard the mystifying of Islam and to pattern up the self indoors themselves.4 Iqbals concluding work was the Armughan-e-Hijaz (The pass of Hijaz), published posthumously in 1938.The first part contains quatrains in Persian, and the secant part contains some poems and epigrams in Urdu. The Persian quatrains convey the fantasy as though the poet is travelling through the Hijaz in his imagination. sagacity of ideas and intensity of passion are the owing(p) features of these pithy poems. The Urdu put of the ledger contains some compressed censure of the intellectual causal agents and complaisant and political revolutions of the moderne age.darn dividing his time amid law and poetry, Iqbal had remained dynamical in the Muslim convocation discussion. He back up Indian fight in ball fight I, as well as the Khilafat movement and remained in close touch with Muslim political leadershiphip much(prenominal) as Maulana Mohammad Ali and Muhammad Ali Jinnah. He was a critic of the mainstream Indian topic Congress, which he regarded as reign by Hindus and was cross with the alliance when during the 1920s, it was enwrapped in factional divides between the pro-British assembly led by Sir Muhammad Shafi and the moderate group led by Jinnah.In November 1926, with the hike of friends and supporters, Iqbal contested for a seat in the Punjab legislative crowd from the Muslim order of Lahore, and discomfited his confrontation by a molding of 3,177 votes. He support the constitutional proposals presented by Jinnah with the aim of guaranteeing Muslim political rights and influence in a concretion with the Congress, and worked with the Aga khan and other Muslim leaders to bushel the factional divisions and achieve unity in the Muslim League.His philosophical position was supply in The reconstruction of spectral purpose in Islam (1934), a volume ground on hexad lectures delivered at Madras,Hyderabad, and Aligarh in 1928-29. He argued that a justifiedly focused man should unendingly fetch life through interaction with the purposes of the active immortal. The prophesier Muhammad had returned from his unitary experience of God to let innocent o n the earth a bare-assed type of world and a heathen world characterized by the abolishment of priesthood and genic kingship and by an vehemence on the rent of annals and nature. The Muslim community in the present age ought, through the model of ijtihadthe precept of legal growthto throw rising well-disposed and political institutions. He as well advocated a theory of ijmaconsensus. Iqbal tended to be liberalist in adumbrating cosmopolitan principles of change however conservative in initiating genuine change. During the time that he was delivering these lectures, Iqbal began working with the Muslim League. At the annual school term of the alliance at Allahabad, in 1930, he gave the presidential address, in which he make a famous assertion that the Muslims of northwest India should indigence shape as a separate state. later on a long period of ill health, Iqbal died in April 1938 and was conceal in front of the great Badshahi Mosque in Lahore. both eld l ater, the Muslim League voted for the idea of Pakistan. That the poet had influenced the making of that decision, which became a mankind in 1947, is undisputed. He has been acclaimed as the get down of Pakistan, and every form Iqbal solar day is renowned by Pakistanis. Aspects of his thought are explored in K.G. Saiyidain, Iqbals procreational Philosophy, sixth ed. rev. (1965), a banal compend of the relevance of Iqbals ideas about education compose by a baronial Indian educationalist Annemarie Schimmel, Gabriels Wing, second ed. (1989), a fundamental depth psychology of Iqbals religious symbolism, including a citywide bibliography in English Syed Abdul Vahid, Iqbal His artistic production and Thought, new ed. (1959), a prototype debut Hafeez Malik (ed.), Iqbal, Poet-Philosopher of Pakistan (1971), example Pakistani views and S.M.H. Burney (S.M.H. Barni), Iqbal, Poet-Patriot of India (1987), focusing on nationalism and secularism in his poetry.