Primary Differences between Colonial America and England...

There were a myriad of differences between Great Britain and her American colonies in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, but these differences can be divided into three basic categories: economic, social, and political. The original American settlers came to the colonies for varied reasons, but a common trait among these settlers was that they still considered themselves British subjects. However, as time passed, the colonists grew disenfranchised from England. Separated from the king by three thousand miles and living in a primitive environment where obtaining simple necessities was a struggle, pragmatism became the common thread throughout all daily life in the colonies. It was this pragmatism that led the colonists to create†¦show more content†¦Dictating that Massachusetts produce a certain annual allowance of cotton for the crown would be ridiculous. Due to distance, the Crown was unable to directly regulate economic policy and trade within the colonies so the c olonists were forced to devise a regulatory system. This system allowed â€Å"a young business man [to] borrow money and move into trade, challenging the commercial position of older, more experienced merchants† (Text, 51). Economic factors, however, were not the only discrepancy between the colonies and England. As time passed, cultural differences became increasingly evident. Pragmatism and diversity were the overlying themes of colonial culture. Indians already lived in America and immigrants from England, France, Spain, Germany, Africa, and Holland soon arrived (Text, 41). These people were all from vastly different cultures, but mutual survival forced them to coexist peacefully. Living side by side created a mix of customs, traditions, and ideas that had never been seen in England. Over time, the different cultures merged and created a uniquely American culture with a modified language and artistic style. English settlers began using words from other countries, creating regional dialects and accents (Text, 41). â€Å"Life in colonial America was as coarse as the physical environment in which it flourished, so much so that English visitors expressed shock at the extent to which immigrants had been transformed in the new world† (Text, 41). TheShow MoreRelatedThe New England And Chesapeake935 Words   |  4 PagesIn the 1600s, America began colonization. Each colony had a specific goal or aspiration that it planned to achieve. These colonies were separated into different regions among America. Two specific regions that many historians tend to articulate about. Consisting of Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, and New Hampshire, the New England region presents many intriguing ways of achieving their goals. Likewise, the Chesapeake Bay, which contain Virginia, Maryland, North Carolina and part of SouthRead MoreEssay on The Making of America1371 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout the colonial period, what were the factors that hindered or promoted a sense of national identity? At what point did nationalism become a major influence and why? The making of America; many factors that promoted the national identity began with the very first colonist that came to North America. In our primary text, it describes around the late 17th century the British Government established a board to govern the trade of the kingdom. Its purpose was to manage the colonies andRead MoreTrade And Manufacturing In America Essay1249 Words   |  5 PagesTrade and Manufacturing in United States and Effects on the Economy The action of buying and selling goods and services in America during the colonial and early republic era helped establish the United States’ economy and found the nation as a world power. Before the founding of European colonies into Northern, America trade was plentiful in the Americas. The Spanish had discovered the New World and during their exploration had brought over and traded with Native Americans. The New and Old WorldsRead MoreAmerican Timber: In-Depth Approach Toward Wood Derivative Markets and Deforestation Legislation1073 Words   |  5 Pagesthe primary resources available for construction and renewable energies. Today, we speculate the damage to forests through over-exploitation typically leads to the loss of long-term income. Economic growth and deforestation have a relationship in which follows a neoclassical growth model of maximizing potential output, eventually halting at a steady state. This generalizes over the short-term economic gains by utilizing the timber and land to an advantageous endogenous growth theory. Colonial AmericasRead MoreDifferences in Development between the Chesapeake Regions and New England 1555 Words   |  7 PagesDiffere nces in Development between the Chesapeake Regions and New England The seventeenth and early eighteenth century, brought thousands of immigrants to America in pursuit of freedom and a new life. Some desired freedom from religious persecution, others wanted a chance to be free from the poverty that ensnared them in England Thus the American colonies were formed. Although the colonies were all united under British rule, they eventually separated into various regions including the ChesapeakeRead MoreMidterm 1 Study Guide- incomplete Essay897 Words   |  4 Pagesreadings. Colonial Recreation and Leisure: How did changing Anglo-American attitudes about work, labor, and leisure in the 1600s and 1700s shape the recreational practices of colonial America? What does Nancy Struna mean by the â€Å"leisure preference,† and how does she believe it influenced attitudes about sport, recreation, and play in Anglo-America in the 1600s and 1700s? Be aware of significant regional differences in the culture, economy, and labor regimes of colonial America and how theseRead MoreSouthern Colonies vs New England Colonies713 Words   |  3 PagesEarly life in the Americas consisted of great diversity as well as some similarities between colonies. During the colonial time period from about the 1600’s through the 1700’s, the thirteen original colonies were founded and divided among three major sections known as the New England colonies, the Middle colonies, and the Southern colonies. The New England colonies consisted of Massachusetts, Rhode Islan d, Connecticut, and New Hampshire. The Middle colonies contained New York, New Jersey, PennsylvaniaRead MoreHistory 309713 Words   |  3 Pages___________________________ WEEK TWO **Individual Assignment** 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Resources:  Ch. 6–10 of  Colonial America  and MyHistoryLab   Write  a 350- to 700-word essay response to each of the following questions:    Question 1: How was trade in the New World a source of revenue for monarchies and for the colonies? Question 2: What are the similarities and differences between early colonial and contemporary American beliefs about religious freedom and tolerance? Question 3: Examine Bacon’sRead MoreEnglish Colonies in North America (Ap Us History)1253 Words   |  6 PagesAP US History English Colonies in North America Before the seventeenth century, countries such as Portugal and Spain had controlled the rich lands of the Americas, and England was left out of the race due to religious conflict back home. However, when Queen Elizabeth came into power, England’s power also rose in the colonial game in the America. Some of the first colonies they gathered are the ones of Virginia and Carolina. They also acquired the colonies of Massachusetts Bay and Rhode IslandRead MoreThe Differences Between The Colonies And The Middle Colonies1738 Words   |  7 PagesTime Period 2 Study Guide 1. There were several main differences among the British colonial regions. The New England colonies being colonized mainly for religion while the Middle colonies found wealth through industry, whereas the Southern colonies sought more trade and wealth opportunities through colonization. Economically, the New England colonies did not have trade as their primary focused, but still were involved in the processes of fishing, lumbering, and trapping, the Middle colonies found

Should Art Therapy Be Effective - 1514 Words

1) Art Therapy Program To test whether an art therapy program is effective at reducing recidivism in serious violent and chronic juvenile offenders, a large control group, and a large experimental group was randomly chosen and assigned. The control group was given an alternative form of treatment (other than art therapy, they were shown videos of violent and chronic juvenile offenders participating in art therapy programs) to act as the baseline for how well those who receive actual art therapy might benefit. Art therapy ran in 1-hour sessions, and videos ran for 1 hour. The experiment will last sixty-four weeks, divided equally between the control group and experimental group. Each group shall consist of 150 Participants randomly selected from court dockets. After twelve weeks, participants will be monitored for 52 weeks to track the results of the experiment. The hypothesis in this experiment is to determine if serious violent and chronic juvenile offenders receive art therapy, will recidivate less often or at all, than those who do not participate in art therapy. Some threats to this experiment are that some participants may have attention deficit disorder and not be able to watch videos or participate in-group activities. Members may drop out, or because they are serious violent and chronic, juvenile offenders, there is the risk of arrests happening before the initial twelve weeks are up. a) 300 participants will be randomly chosen from courts where they were deemedShow MoreRelated Psychotherapy Essay examples998 Words   |  4 PagesI believe that the art of psychotherapy is more important than the use of empirically validated treatments (EVT). I feel that the art of psychotherapy exists through the use of the common factors, which include the therapeutic relationship, client and therapist factors (e.g., personality), helping clients deal with problems, and hope or expectancy factors (Reisner, 2005). Although I do believe that empirically validated treatments may enhance the therapeutic process, the treatments themselves areRead MoreThe Use Of Art Therapy After Disaster1637 Words   |  7 Pages Art Therapy after Disaster Lori A. Davis Current Trends in Art Therapy Professor Orr July 3, 2015 Abstract The use of art therapy after a disaster is an emerging approach to dealing with trauma. Disaster can result from natural events, manmade events, personal events, or a combination of any of these. Adults, families, and communities go through considerable suffering during disaster and deal with many trauma related symptoms and issues. Children experience trauma in dissimilarRead More Art of Psychotherapy Essay1286 Words   |  6 PagesI believe that the art of psychotherapy is more important than empirically validated treatments (EVT). I feel that the art of psychotherapy lies in the common factors, which include the therapeutic relationship, client and therapist factors (e.g., personality), helping clients deal with problems, and hope or expectancy factors (Reisner, 2005). Although I do believe that empirically validated treatments may enhance the therapeutic process, the treatments themselves are by no means the most importantRead MoreCounseling, Cognitive And Behavioral Therapies1 165 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Counseling is a therapy that involves communication using a variety of methods. Verbal, nonverbal, and written are some of the ways to communicate during counseling. Counseling allows a person to share their feelings, thoughts and problems to another (a counselor) in a dependable and confidential environment. Normally the counselor empathizes with the clients. Many types of counseling are evident depending on the type of problem one has. Counseling usually involves the psychology,Read MoreDifferent Forms Of Depressive Disorders1642 Words   |  7 Pagesinner feelings. In order to tackle the struggles, creative expression through forms of art and any other artistic activities can be very therapeutic. The use of art therapy does affect adult males as related to treating a diagnosis of clinical depression. Art therapy has been used for over a century for mentally unstable persons. Whether it be painting, drawing, sculpting, dancing, etc. the practice of art therapy is quite beneficial. The men, or the clients, do not have to be any sort of natural bornRead MoreWhy Does Music Move Us?1099 Words   |  5 Pagesalways possessed a strong, natural attraction to the arts. The attraction is most commonly a desire to view art forms, or in this case, listen to them. We admire the beauty of artistic styles and soothing melodies, but why? A number of recent research studies have shown that music has a unique and profound effect on the brain. In the article, â€Å"Why Does Music Move Us?†, Douglas McClennan claims that, as human beings, we are attracted to music and art for reasons other than entertainment. ResearchersRead MoreTreatments For Children With Trauma902 Words   |  4 PagesWhen it comes to therapy treatment many people have different opinions. Some might say that they wo uld highly recommend going to a therapist to help a person with a wide range of issues. While other people say that therapists are jokes and that people are better off coping with their issues by themselves. Some people do not realize that the choice to go to therapy or not is circumstantial. Making the choice to seek help is also very reliant on the individual and their own views. A great amount ofRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1127 Words   |  5 Pagesfrom the traumatic event with little to no problems while many others have not. The people that have not been able to move on may suffer from Post-traumatic Stress Disorder also known as PTSD or some other similar stress-related disorder. Our society should be more educated on the disorder, its symptoms, and its treatments so we can better help people suffering with the disorder. So, what is the definition of PTSD? Post-traumatic Stress Disorder is the stress related disorder that may develop after experiencingRead MoreEffects Of Human Immunodeficiency Virus1619 Words   |  7 Pagesimplementation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) changed the prognosis for many with HIV from a fatal death sentence to a manageable chronic disease which enables sufferers to lead full lives. 96% of people living with HIV in the UK accessed ART treatment (Figure 2) in 2016. Sustained treatment results in viral suppression which makes HIV untransmissible, 97% of treated patients had an undetectable virus load of less than less than 200 copies/mL in 2016. ART adherence is hard to measure butRead MoreSelf Efficacy And Self Control Essay1700 Words   |  7 Pages(2010) Craig Locus of control of behavior Scale found decrease in self-efficacy in both experiment groups and the control group. Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale found 8.74% increase in self-confidence for music groups, but not with art groups. None Strengths: included music and art experiment groups, included control group, multiple measures and assessments Limitations: Small sample size, discrepancies in testing measures, interventions not completed within 8 week time allocation, not randomized, inadequate

The On A Crime Story Where The Class Has An Arrangement Of...

Name: John Quach Instructor: Dr.Folayan Course: English 099 Date: 24 May 2017 Thesis statement The storyline is based on a crime story where the class has an arrangement of traditions; they make an abnormal state of expectation, vulnerability, puzzle and nerve-wracking strain. They additionally help the crowd comprehend the film all the more effortlessly and recognize what s in store from it. It additionally ensures that the group of onlookers will appreciate the brutality, tension and secret the film contains having seen comparative movies before. The control of the group of onlookers through plot turns and deception makes disarray and considerably more anticipation. The Usual Suspects was gone for a develop group of onlookers of both†¦show more content†¦Genuine, a considerable lot of these announcements are taken from Verbal s story, so they can t be taken as being authoritative, yet they should contain a sensible component of truth or Kujan, who is obviously acquainted with Keaton s record, would have gotten on it. Be that as it may, Kujan was appropriate around a certain something he is really an entirely shrewd person. After Verbal abandons, it takes Kujan an astonishingly little measure of time to make sense of that Verbal made up the story utilizing points of interest from the release load up. That is some snappy thinking and he is likewise industrious he keeps running outside quickly, however he doesn t have enough time to get Verbal, who s now left, shaking off his fake limp and accepting his actual way of life as Keyser Sà ¶ze, curve criminal. Keyser Soze comes out as the unseen antagonist in The Usual Suspects a film that pulls together Bryan Singer, Kevin Spacey and a tier-two Baldwin brother in a pretty good piece of cinema. The film revolves around a group of criminals everything from crooked cops to killers to con men who are blackmailed into attacking a drug ship for a legendary figure called Keyser Soze. We never see Soze: he acts through his lawyer instead. The movie opens with all of our protagonists dying except one, Verbal Kint who weaves an incredible tale of intrigue to a police detective. Verbal presents himself asShow MoreRelatedThe Protest Of The United States2026 Words   |  9 Pagesâ€Å"It is so sad, what is happening now,† Linda said in her kitchen while arranging the tea and coffee table. She has white hair, a gaunt face, and a cheerful smile. In the tradition of her religion, Linda wore a black cardigan over a colorful shirt, black pants, and black boots. She added that politics made the world uglier and expressed her worries about her grandchildren’s future. The meeting came after President Trump’s revised travel ban executive order dubbed by activists as the Muslim BanRead MoreIs Bernie Sanders A Better Opportunity For All People?1308 Words   |  6 PagesBernie Sanders is a son of an immigrant and has realized that the vast majority of Americans at one point stemmed from immigration. It is the fundamental belief that the U.S. has a better opportunity for all people. His proactive plan includes a path to citizenship for eleven million undocumented Americans, a future policy to uphold our country’s beliefs, and to balance trade agreements Thousands of people immigrated through Angel Island, â€Å" 22 million immigrants entered the country through EllisRead MoreHow Music Can Help Us Find Our Identity Essay1459 Words   |  6 PagesOnes identity is something greatly important to a person. An identity makes us who we are, combining our nationality, ethnicity, race, class, religion, and gender, a complex mixture that invo lves many factors. This is whom we are, what we are made of. One tool to show identity or more than just show, the means by which identity is created, is music. We constantly hear musical metaphors such as â€Å"find your voice† or â€Å"march to the rhythm of your own drum† simple putting music can help us find our identityRead MoreDimensions of Criminology: A Study of Crime Essay2507 Words   |  11 Pagesmany aspect which contributes to the actually crime itself. The expert have for years sought to discover the root cause of crime. Some of the primitive research considered the facial features, the contour of the skull as the sources of the criminal behavior. In addition, there are researchers who believe that the offender environment is a determining factor in their criminal behavior. This is to say that offender who was raised poor or lived in a crime-infested area will be impacted by these factorsRead MoreExposing The Treatment Of Young Women3029 Words   |à ‚  13 PagesExposing the Treatment of Young Women in India The culture in India has changed dramatically throughout the history of India. Women who were once put on pedestals, worshipped for their ‘Motherly† ways. Now they have a status that hardly holds them above the fine line, a line that decides if you hold your basic human rights or not. Women are a trade in this country. Young women, who are taking the foremost brunt of this brutality, are forced into marriages to uphold status in a community, raped,Read MoreSteven Spielberg s Film Jaws2274 Words   |  10 Pagesessentially unseen shark, ominously present through unpredictable displays of terrifying violence, to sculpt a message about good, evil, power, arrogance, and vanity within the hegemony of small-town middle class America. Spielberg markets this â€Å"High Concept† (Cook 40), film and its nationalist ideals on a story that is principally based on one image, the shark, and the fallibility of the human decision making process. In a relatively short scene that l asts no longer than a minute and a half, eleven or soRead MoreGenocide in Rwanda and Burundi Essay2206 Words   |  9 Pagessimple. The Tutsi were more numerous and dominant in some areas than others. The Tutsi adopted the Hutu language, customs and traditions. The Hutu and Tutsi still battle today as both groups fight for land, freedom, and power. Another significant actor involved with the genocide in Rwanda and Burundi is the east African neighboring nation of Tanzania. Tanzania has served as a place of safe refuge for the fleeting people of Rwanda ad Burundi. One example of Tanzanias Open Arm Policy was inRead MoreCRM 1301 Midterm uOttawa Carolyn Gordon Essay10218 Words   |  41 PagesPerspective Trephining Individual who were having illusions or were delusional had a hole drilled in their skull in order to get rid of the spirits. If that person was still alive, the procedure was successful Witchcraft Correlated with ‘The Crucible’ where Tituba, Sarah Good Sarah Osborne are accused of witchcraft in Salem, 1692 What to do with the witches?! Exodus 22:18- Thou shalt not suffer a witch to live Leviticus   20:27- A man also or woman that hath a familiar spirit, or that is a wizardRead MoreMale and Female Segregated Education (Co-Ed Versus Single Sex School): Separate but Equal3125 Words   |  13 Pagescreative because they are discriminated against.†(time.com) People around the world have different thoughts and points of view on segregation depending on the factors that influence their life such as customs and traditions. Therefore, the question of combined or separated education has many aspects in terms of psychology, social life, economy and religion. On the psychological side males and females go through a volatile phase in the adolescent age. In this period of time their bodies are exposedRead MoreVictorian Novel9605 Words   |  39 PagesNOVEL 2 II KEY AUTHORS 3 III KEY TEXTS 3 IV TOPICS 3 INTRODUCTION Many associate the word â€Å"Victorian† with images of over-dressed ladies and snooty gentlemen gathered in reading rooms. The idea of â€Å"manners† does sum up the social climate of middle-class England in the nineteenth century. However, if there is one transcending aspect to Victorian England life and society, that aspect is change. Nearly every institution of society was affected by rapid and unforeseeable changes.  As some writers greeted

Great Expectations By Charles Dickens - 898 Words

Arguably one of the most feared characters in the book and easily the most influential to other characters in the book. In this magnificent work: Great Expectations, Charles Dickens would not even have a story without the compelling and sinister Mr. Jaggers. The reason Jaggers is who he is simply is because his drive for power, which is fueled by his status as London s greatest lawyer continuing to stay intact. Jaggers has acquired this power through many actions; such as, striking fear unto others, maintaining his self-confidence, and never allowing emotions to get the best of him. Mr. Jaggers, at all times, never fails to be cool, calm, and collective. Throughout the novel, we see his numerous interactions with current and previous clients and how he is always in charge of the conversation. When his clients fail to meet his expectations, even by the smallest margin, he is on them immediately and makes a fool of the person. When Pip first sees Jaggers in London there is a crowd of p eople flocking around him all wanting answers. The first two men he talks to are considerably out of sorts and worried about one of Jagger s clients presumably. As all of these emotions escape these two men Jaggers stops them in their tracks and sets them straight as quickly as he can. Next was the two women, and he got rid of them just as quick. â€Å"Once for all. If you don’t know that your Bill’s in good hands, I know it†(183). The two women were too caught up in their emotions for JaggersShow MoreRelatedGreat Expectations By Charles Dickens1113 Words   |  5 Pagesadventures that the male characters go on. This seems to be relevant in a lot of movies and books like the story Great Expectations by Charles Dickens. In Great Expectations there are multiple female characters like Estella, Biddy, and Miss Havisham who all play a large part in the main character, Pip’s life. One of the first that we meet the character Estella in Charles Dickens’ Great Expectations is when Pip goes to Miss Havisham’s to play with her. The two kids play the game beggar my neighbor when EstellaRead MoreGreat Expectations By Charles Dickens1347 Words   |  6 Pagespoor status of the economy, social mobility does not seem to be occurring at high rates, with the poor getting poorer and rich getting richer. Despite this, social mobility is alive and well, and has been for centuries. In his novel, Great Expectations, Charles Dickens voices the concerns of many that lived in Victorian England during the 19th century by promoting such a desire to live life in a more prosperous social class. One of the most fundamental and reoccurring themes in the novel is that ofRead MoreGreat Expectations By Charles Dickens1426 Words   |  6 Pages Twelve-year-old Charles dickens gets ready for bed after a long day at the blacking house. These Victorian-aged memories will provide him with many ideas for his highly acclaimed novel Great Expectations. Set in 1830 England, Great Expectations is a coming-of-age story about a common innocent boy named Pip and his road to becoming a gentleman through the influence of others. Pip is influenced both positively and negatively by Estella, Herbert, and Magwitch. Estella left a huge impression on PipRead MoreGreat Expectations by Charles Dickens984 Words   |  4 PagesCharles Dickens utilizes his life for inspiration for the protagonist Pip in his novel Great Expectations. They both struggle with their social standing. Dickens loved plays and theatre and therefore incorporated them into Pip’s life. Dickens died happy in the middle class and Pip died happy in the middle class. The connection Dickens makes with his life to Pip’s life is undeniable. If readers understand Dickens and his upbringing then readers can understand how and why he created Pip’s upbringingRead MoreCharles Dickens Great Expectations943 Words   |  4 Pages This is true in many cases but none as much as in Great Expectations. In many ways the narrator/protagonist Pip is Charles Dickens in body and mind. While there are many differences between the story and Charles Dickens life there remains one constant. This constant is the way Pip as the narra tor feels, because these feelings are Dickens s own feelings about the life he lead. Since Great Expectations was written towards end of Charles Dickens life, he was wiser and able to make out the mistakesRead MoreGreat Expectations By Charles Dickens1375 Words   |  6 PagesGreat Expectations by Charles Dickens and The Talented Mr Ripley by Anthony Minghella present similar criticisms of society to a large extent. Both of these texts consider the criticisms of rich social contexts (wealth and status), societal morality (whether a society is good or not. Status [can lead to the wrong people being in a high position i.e. making bad decisions affecting the community/society] Appearance [society appears to be moral/good (if you’re from a higher status) {dickens criticisesRead MoreCharles Dickens Great Expectations1344 Words   |  6 Pagessomething that is not what they truly need? Often, they use social class to fill a void in their lives that can not be filled by materiali stic possessions. Many people realize this, but it is often too late. Charles Dickens demonstrates the effects of social climbing in his novel, Great Expectations. This novel explores the connections and effects of human nature and society, which are the two most powerful forces that guide people’s decisions. Some may say that social climbing is good, but as will beRead MoreCharles Dickens Great Expectations1223 Words   |  5 PagesBeloved author Charles Dickens was born on February 7, 1812 in Portsmouth, England. Growing up in a life of poverty, his childhood hardships provided the inspiration to write a myriad of classic novels including his 1861 seminole masterpiece, Great Expectations (â€Å"BBC History - Charles Dickens†). Great Expectations follows the life of an orphan named Pip, who’s perspective of the world is altered when he is attacked by an escaped convict in his parents’ graveyard in the town of Kent. Throughout hisRead MoreGreat Expectat ions by Charles Dickens1285 Words   |  6 PagesAP Great Book Assignment: Great Expectations The 544-page, Bildungsroman novel, Great Expectations, by Charles Dickens is considered a classic because it has stood the test of time, appealing to generation after generation of readers while still remaining relevant to them. Published in 1861, Dickens created a coming-of-age story that is similar to his other novel, David Copperfield, but Great Expectations is considered to have reflected parts of his own life. There are several parallels betweenRead MoreGreat Expectations By Charles Dickens924 Words   |  4 Pagesa character driven novel, or a mix of the two. In order for a novel to be character driven, it must revolve more around the characters’ individual thoughts, feelings, and inner struggles, rather than around the quest of the story. Great Expectations, by Charles Dickens, is a character driven novel. While the story does have a plot, it is not contingent upon that plot, but rather is reliant upon its characters and their natures. This is evident from the beginni ng of the novel. From the opening of

Strategic Management free essay sample

SP Singh for their guidance and constant supervision as well as for providing necessary information regarding the project amp; also for their support in completing the project. I would like to express my gratitude towards my parents amp; member of Rai Business School for their kind co-operation and encouragement which help me in completion of this project. I would like to express my special gratitude and thanks to industry persons for giving me such attention and time. My thanks and appreciations also go to my colleague in developing the project and people who have willingly helped me out with their abilities. ITC has also leveraged the exponentially growing potential of branded packaged food market in India. In addition the different segments of its business such as FMCG products such as (Cigarettes, Life Style Retailing, Greeting, Gifting and Stationary business, Safety matches), Hotels, Paperboards, Paper and Packaging, Agri Business including Agri commodities has allowed the firm to ensure that the business risk of being in the tobacco products does not hamper its growth. THE INTERNAL ANALYSIS THE CORE COMPETENCIES â€Å"Core competencies relate to those resources and capabilities of the firm, that when combined, enable the firm to attain a competitive edge in the market(s) in which it serves. † (RDI 2009b:2) Core competencies differentiates an organisation from all competitors and this is always difficult to imitate. The core competencies in an organisation helps to create value for customers and explore new market opportunities. The core competence in Yum is the development of the support structure for the whole business and not just the developments of formats since the organisation is in the consumer sector. Another Core business is to feed people and not just making food. Repackaging of what people wanted by making it interesting and not under estimating taste, making various products available at affordable prices by putting all the values of quality into consideration. â€Å"Core competencies enable a firm to gain long-term competitive advantage in the Market place. Core competencies lead to levels of performance that are better than competitors. Core competencies are difficult to imitate (by competitors). Core competencies should be long lasting and relate to human intellectual capital† (RDI 2009c:3) The value chain analysis can be used on the core competencies through the process of making the raw materials into finished product and service that is valuable to the customer. The value chain analysis shows the core competencies that can be used as competitive advantage over other organisations. THE EXTERNAL ANALYSIS – The Situational Analysis For Yum to operate profitably in the Chinese market, all the external factors affecting it politically, economically, socially, technologically, legally and environmentally must be considered. This will give the organisation the basic knowledge about the actions outside its environment. This may lead to threats or opportunities. â€Å"A PEST analysis is concerned with auditing the external environment in which the organisation operates to identify the key changes that are taking place. In particular, key changes that will influence the organisation in the future. † (RDI 2009d:4) PEST consists of different macro-economic factors with its usefulness for an organisation to be successful. It is a tool for planning business strategy and understanding all the external factors affecting a business but the business does not have control on. This may include government policies, current and future laws, tax rate, demographics, lifestyles etc. THE POLITICAL FACTOR The political and legal factors include legislative, monopoly, political and employment policies etc. In China, the antitrust law 2008 or the anti-monopoly law was given to foreign organisations trying to acquire or merge with local organisations. The local level of the Ministry of Commerce with different departments in government must critically analyse and certify this merger or acquisition. The political stability in China is good for business and growth in the economy. THE ECONOMIC FACTOR The economic factor includes interest, tax and exchange rates, inflation etc. One of the four key strategies at Yum was to build brands that is leading and significant in China by using its rapid growth in economy and population. China’s economy was the 3rd largest with GDP of around $3370b with regions, provinces and municipalities. There was growth in the annual earnings. THE SOCIAL FACTOR This include demographic (age, population etc. ), education, lifestyle change. The pattern of food consumption in China changed due to more money and prosperity in which suppliers were not able to meet this demand. There was also change in the taste of consumers as a result of tourism. Increase in educated and skilled workforce. The young, affluent, professionals and expatriates pattern of eating also changed as it is viewed as a link in knowing more people and building business relationships. THE TECHNOLOGICAL FACTOR The effect of using the new modern technology will affect the expected results in Yum! with the online presence of Yum where consumers can make orders. A large portion of the population has access to computers and mobile phones etc. THE LEGAL FACTOR This include the laws governing tax and trade in China. This involves all the laws governing China’s environment with social responsibilities. THE SWOT ANALYSIS S – Strength W – Weakness O – Opportunities T – Threat INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT STRENGTH Yum has support structure and not just formats for the whole organisation. It has its distribution system to support the organisation i. e. the management team is strong. The organisation is stable financially by having a formidable position in the market place (leader in market share). Continuous development of unique products and services by repackaging what customers want and not under estimating taste. Product diversity for various customers (strong brand) with the choice of KFC and Taco Bell or Taco Bell and Pizza Hut in a particular location. WEAKNESSES Yum has no online presence i. e. customer cannot make orders on the internet. Slowing down of US sales i. e. underperformance. Small or low market share in US and Europe. There is also the volatile bargaining power form suppliers and buyers (customers) OPPORTUNITIES Continuous expansion through innovative processes e. g. online presence. The expansion of its products and services. Availability of expansion abroad i. e. strategic merger and acquisitions by increasing its growth in China THREATS The issue of Chinese government protecting its brands. The issue of threats from competitors like Macdonalds. Low costs from competitors. The rise in the cost of manpower. The safety of foods. Government modification on laws and tariffs on foreign investments and imported commodities THE COMPETITIVE ENVIRONMENT PORTER’S FIVE FORCES MODEL This model is to know where the power is within the business environment. It shows the current and future positions of an organisation within the competitive environment. The Porter’s five forces Rivalry within existing competitors The threat of new entrants The threat of product or service substitute The bargaining power of suppliers The bargaining power of buyers Fig 1: Porter five competitive forces (Adapted from RDI 2009e:7) Rivalry within existing competitors – This is very high with competitors like Macdonalds, AFC Enterprise, Biglari Holdings Inc. , Bloomin Brands, Inc. etc. The threats of new entrants – this is low as it involves high entry cost for new entrants The threat of product and service substitute – this is very high due to competitors already in China market place. The bargaining power of suppliers – Profitability of Yum depends on this. The bargaining power of buyer – The power of buyers is very high within any organisation as customers have various products to choose from. Yum! has various products which customers can pick from at different locations. . 2. A merger or acquisition occur when two or more organisations come together to form a brand new company or when one organisation acquires others (this or these organisations will cease to exist after the acquisition). Merger and acquisition can be used when penetrating into a new market, expanding business and to have an edge over competitors. ADVANTAGES OF THE MERGER AND ACQUISITION OF LITTLE SHEEP BY YUM It will strengthen Yum! brand in China and bring Little Sheep to different international markets Porter (1987) cited in Hitt et al (1990: 30) discovered that acquisitions often resulted in unsatisfactory performance that in turn led to a large number of post-acquisition divestitures. RISK AND CHALLENGES Increase in competition among restaurants in China Increase in food and health problems with clean environments The problem of raising money for this expansion The problem of verifying and auditing revenues and costs There is also the risk of different culture and mismatch of human resources in the workplace Laying off many employees especially people with similar job function. 3. FACTORS THAT AN ORGANISATION SHOULD INVESTIGATE WHEN CONSIDERING ENTRY INTO EMERGING MARKET The internal factors to be considered are the structure and culture within the organisation STRUCTURE The structure within an organisation affects strategic planning. Function, product, geography and customer based are some structures to be considered. FUNCTION BASED – There should be different departments with different specialisations working together to achieve the corporate aim of the organisation. GEOGRAPHY BASED – The local needs are taken into consideration based on a particular location. CUSTOMER BASED- there should be attention on what people want by repackaging and making it interesting. CULTURE â€Å"Culture defines the way that people are chosen, developed, nurtured, interrelated and rewarded. The culture within the emerging markets should be considered ORGANISATIONAL POLICY The policies with the mission and vision of the organisations in the emerging market must be known STAKEHOLDERS Both internal and external stakeholder’s input should be put into consideration. Internal stakeholder include business owners, shareholders and all employees while external stakeholder include customers, suppliers to the organisation and the government. EXTERNAL FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED Business Strategy Strong Average Weak Long-term marketattractiveness Highsize of market Medium Low Fig 2: The directional policy matrix (Adapted from RDI 2009g: 2) The long-term market attractiveness and the business strength are the two axes on the directional policy matrix. MARKET ATTRACTIVENESS SITUATION OF INDUSTRY The situation of the industry must be put into consideration. Within some market place, new entrants enter and leave without barriers whereas in others, it is not so as there are barriers making it difficult for new organisations. This is shown in Porter’s framework. There are 3 types of barriers namely artificial (import duty, legislative laws etc.), natural (accessibility, distance and culture) and the competitive barriers already present within the organisation. Factors such as the market size, buyers bargaining power etc. should be considered when entering into an emergent market. ECOMOMY AND CULTURE WITHIN THE INDUSTRY – This should be considered as different economic climate (such as the rate of economic growth, inflation etc. ), human factors affects business. TECHNOLOGY The technological infrastructures should also be considered. INTERNATIONAL COMPETITION – this should be considered to know the different types of competitors and the number.

A Theory of Cross-Cultural Communication free essay sample

A Theory of Cross-Cultural Communication  © Anthony Pym 2003 Intercultural Studies Group Universitat Rovira i Virgili Tarragona, Spain* Pre-print version 3. 3 The following is a series of propositions designed to connect a few ideas about translation as a mode of cross-cultural communication. The ideas are drawn from a multiplicity of existing theories; the aim is not particularly to be original. The propositions are instead intended to link up three endeavors: an abstract conception of cross-cultural communication, a description of the specificities of translation, and an attempt to envisage the future of such communication in a globalizing age. The various points at which the propositions draw on or diverge from previous theories are indicated in a series of notes. 1. 1. 1. 1. 2. On cross-cultural communication in general Cross-cultural communication involves the perceived crossing of a point of contact between cultures. Cultures here are minimally seen as large-scale systems of assumed shared references, linguistic or otherwise1, used for the purposes of reducing complexity. Effort here is understood as being on both the sending and receiving sides of messages, as well as in any mediating position or investment in the channel. A text sent and received near a perceived center will thus require less investment of effort than the same text sent from a center to a periphery (assuming that the reduction of complexity is 1. 3. 1. 4. 1. 5. to be to a similar degree in both cases). And further supplementary effort will be needed if the text is to be received in another culture. (Pym 1995) 1. 6. The lines between cultures are marked as cross-over points where the communication act receives supplementary effort of a mediating and discontinuous nature. Such points are usually where translations are carried out. (Pym 2001a) Cross-cultural communication thus marks the points of contact between cultures, although it alone will not join up the points to form any kind of line. (Pym 1998, 2001a, cf. Chatwin 1987) On complexity and its reduction Texts are inscribed objects that can be interpreted in different ways and for different functions, quite independently of any original intentions. The plurality of possible interpretations is what we are calling complexity. The reduction of complexity does not imply any discerning of a true or primal meaning. For example, a reader at this point might interpret the term â€Å"reduction of complexity† as â€Å"understanding†, but such a reading will hopefully be deviated by the following paragraphs. In this sense, the reduction of complexity does not entail an act of understanding in any idealist sense. Nor must effort be expended only to reduce complexity. Effort can also be used to make texts more complex, preparing them for a greater plurality of interpretations. Such might be a certain conception of aesthetic pleasure, diplomatic ambiguity, or communicative mechancete. The degree of appropriate complexity is in each case dependent on the success conditions of the communicative act concerned. On success conditions Success conditions are criteria that make the communicative act beneficial for all or some of the participants concerned. 4 Such criteria may be simple, as in the case of a business negotiation to reach mutual agreement on a sales price: the success condition might be that a price is agreed to by all participants.

The Apprenticeship Of Duddy Kravitz--The Tragic Fall Of Duddy Essays (

The Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz--The Tragic Fall of Duddy A man must pursue his dreams. This is certainly true for everyone of the humankind, for if there were no dreams, there would be no reason to live. Duddy Kravitz understands this perfectly, that is why he is one of the most ambitious young men of his time. From the moment he hears his grandfather says, "A man without land is nobody," he is prepared to seek the land of his dream -- no matter what the cost would be. This ambition of his is very respectable, but unfortunately his methods are damnable. Duddy is a relentless pursuer; a formidable competitor and also a ruthless manipulator. It is true that he has obtained all the land that he desires at the end, but he succeeds through immoral, despicable and contemptible means. It is clear then, that Duddy has failed in his apprenticeship and has become the "scheming little bastard" that Uncle Benjy has warned him against. There is no doubt that Duddy is very shrewd and clever, but his lack of moral principles attributes to his final failure. In fact, his immorality can be traced back to a very young age. During his study in the parochial school, he already earns money through methods that hardly comply to virtues of any kind. Taking advantage of the fact that minors cannot be sued in Canada, Duddy defrauds stamp companies and sells stolen hockey sticks. Perhaps he cannot distinguish right from wrong; perhaps he does not care, but nonetheless it is not proper for him to engage himself into these kinds of activities. Duddy emerges himself deeper into the sea of corruption when he establishes Dudley Kane Enterprises. With his limited knowledge of movie making and his mistaken trust in John Friar, his firm produces bar-mitzvah films of extremely poor quality. The bar-mitzvah film for Mr. Cohen, for example, is obviously a failing product. "Duddy didn't say a word all through the screening but afterwards he was sick to his stomach." After the screening, Duddy says to Mr. Friar, "I could sell Mr. Cohen a dead horse easier than this pile of --." However, realizing the obvious faultiness of the film, Duddy does not talk candidly to his client. Instead, he untruthfully says that the film is a phenomenal piece of art and that he is entering it into the Cannes Festival. By doing so, he deceives the Cohen family into buying the defective bar-mitzvah film of Bernie. As a matter of fact, Kravitz is not only skillful in handling situations, but he is also very apt in manipulating people. This can be clearly seen in his relationships with Virgil and Yvette. Duddy is never loved in his family, so originally Duddy is quite content to know that there is someone who cares about him -- Yvette. He finds great comradeship in her and has also enjoyed great sex with her. But as time passes by, Yvette becomes only a tool to him. He uses her as a medium through which he can buy the land that he lusts for; because he is a minor and he cannot legally own land. "The farmers would be wary of a young Jew, they might jack up prices or even refuse to sell, but another French-Canadian would not be suspect." Duddy also treats her as a sexual toy. He makes love with Yvette whenever he wants it, but he does not take Yvette's feelings into consideration: "Yvette wanted to wait, but Duddy insisted, and they made love on the carpet." He never pays any respect to Yvette and he does "...not know how to treat a woman." With Virgil, Duddy takes advantage of his physical disabilities. After selling the pinball machines that Virgil brought him to ease his financial troubles, Duddy does not want to repay Virgil. Using the fact that Virgil is an epileptic and that it is very difficult for him to be hired, Duddy employs him as a driver. But Duddy tells him that a truck would be necessary for the task, and that he can provide Virgil with the perfect vehicle for one thousand dollars -- the exact amount that he owes Virgil. Virgil is innocent enough not to know what is happening. He is also very grateful and flattered to know that Mr. Kravitz is willing to hire him. He accepts the job immediately, and thus, Duddy does not need to reimburse Virgil. It is quite ironic that Duddy, being such a good manipulator of people,